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Infection

This article explores the concept of immune memory and its role in providing protection against infections such as tumors, grafts, and specific pathogens. Topics include the importance of B cell responses, local mucosal immunity, the role of antibodies, and the factors influencing immunological memory.

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Infection

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  1. Infection Tumors Grafts Specificity Memory “Tolerance“

  2. IMMUNITY • “innate resistance“ > 95 % • Ab in eggs • protective memory via Ab (vaccines) • TB: no vaccine • autoimmunity > 30 y, female > male 5 : 1

  3. B cell – Ab responses • local mucosal IgAno T / LN / Peyer • Ag + LPS : IgM(no TH) • intact virus : IgM (no TH) • serotypes • monomeric Ag : obligatory TH

  4. reverse genetic glycoprotein exchange between LCMV and VSV rLCMV/INDG rVSV/LCMV-GP glycoprotein:IND-G glycoprotein: LCMV-GP LCMV VSV-IND glycoprotein: LCMV-GP glycoprotein:IND-G

  5. Only VSVG expressing viruses induce a neutralizing antibody response

  6. Immunological memoryQuicker (earlier) Greater (better) responses Immunity Protection against disease by reinfection First infection kills host: No memory needed Host survives first infection: Memory not needed neither

  7. No protection by Memory B cells but protection by immune serum in IFN-aBR_/_ against VSV Anti-VSV neutr. AB < 1 : 40 < 1 : 40 < 1 : 2500 % Survivors 0 0 100 VSVIND immune spleen cells T+B LCMV immune spleen cells VSVIND Ab

  8. Maintenance of protection 1. Agent persists: TB, leprosy, HIV, HCV, LCMV Herpes viruses crippled: measles 2. Repetitive inf.: polio, bact. toxins 3. Antibody-antigen complex depots in lymph nodes and spleens

  9. Vaccines Successpox, polio:IgGmeasles, mumps: IgA, IgG No successTB, leprosy, HIV: Ig + T cells

  10. Poliomyelitis – age distribution in Massachusetts 1912 – 1952

  11. Memory / Pregnant Female • Academic: earlier + higher (AG –) • Immune against cytopathic infectionsotherwise abortions / malformations • MHC-incompatibility – offspringmother: imm. suppr. / offspr.: imm. incomp. • Maternal antibodies attenuate acute infectionsphysiological vaccinations (incl. malaria, eggs) • Non-cytophatic infections transferred via placenta / at birth / after birth (LCMV, HCV, Herpes) • Resistance via T cells: HIV, HTV, TB Lepr. slow • "Emerging" infections

  12. Peripheral solid organs Peripheral lymphatic organs Generalized hematogenic spread Imm. resp. Exempl. Ignor. Papill. V perif. self Protect. Polio V Infl. Antigen dose Infect. imm. TB, HBV, HIV Exhaust. deletion HCV, LDV (HIV, LCMV) 7 >100 7 >100 7 >100 Time of antigen availability (days)

  13. A. Althage M. Bachmann Th. Kündig A. Ciurea U. Karrer Hunziker Recher Pinschewer C. de la Torre H. Hengartner • A. Ochsenbein • B. Ludewig • M. Pericin • HP. Roost • St. Freigang • M. Martinic • Th. Rülicke • Odermatt • M. Whitt

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