1 / 15

Hospital Infection

Hospital Infection. Nosocomial infection. Hospital acquired infections . Nosocomial infections are those that originate or occur in a hospital or hospital-like setting. Nosocomial infections are responsible for about 20,000 deaths in the U.S. per year.

willa
Download Presentation

Hospital Infection

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Hospital Infection Nosocomial infection

  2. Hospital acquired infections • Nosocomial infections are those that originate or occur in a hospital or hospital-like setting. • Nosocomial infections are responsible for about 20,000 deaths in the U.S. per year. • Approximately 10% of hospital patients acquire a clinically significant nosocomial infection.

  3. Classification • CAI → hospital admission (pneumonia) • Admission → infection (device-associated bacteraemia) • Discharge → infections (Surgical site infection) • Infection to hospital staff (Hepatitis B infection)

  4. Why hospital infections • High prevalence of pathogens • More compromised hosts • Efficient mechanisms of transmission from patient to patient

  5. Presence of pathogens • Nosocomial infections are primarily caused by opportunists , particularly b: • Enterococcus spp. • Escherichia coli • Pseudomonas spp. • Staphylococcus aureus

  6. Sites of nosocomial infections • Most to least common: • Urinary tract • Surgical wounds • Respiratory tract • Skin (especially burns) • Blood (bacteremia) • Gastrointestinal tract • Central nervous system

  7. Hospital microorganisms tend to acquire antibiotic resistance factors

  8. Normal microflora of HCW • Pathogens become incorporated into the normal flora of hospital workers • Nosocomial pathogens tend to be: • Available for transmission to patients • Not easily treated

  9. Compromised hosts • Infants and elderly • Pre- existing diseases • Immuno-suppressive • Radio therapy or Chemo therapy • Splenectomy • Broken skin and mucous membranes • Surgery, insertion of catheters, tracheostomy, ventilators, …etc.

  10. Chain of transmission • Many sick patients under one roof • More efficient transmission

  11. Modes of transmission • Direct person-to-person transmission: • Infected patient, staff member, or visitor • Indirect transmission through: • Equipment, supplies and hospital procedures • Transmission through air

  12. Routes of transmission • Air-borne • Contact spread (direct or indirect) • Food-borne spread • Blood-borne spread (injuries or transfusion) • Self-infection and cross-infection

  13. Prevention • The infection control policy • Staff training and education • Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization • Aseptic techniques • Prophylactic antibiotics

  14. Prevention • Protective clothing • Isolation of dangerous patients • Hospital building and design • Equipment • Microbiology surveillance

  15. Control measures to reduce exogenous hospital acquired infection

More Related