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Directional terms of the limbs

Directional terms of the limbs. The proximal/distal dividing line: for the front leg is the ____________ (wrist) for the rear leg it is the ____________ (ankle). The front surface of both the front and hind limbs is termed: “____________” proximal to the carpus/tarsus and

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Directional terms of the limbs

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  1. Directional terms of the limbs • The proximal/distal dividing line: • for the front leg is the ____________ (wrist) • for the rear leg it is the ____________ (ankle). • The front surface of both the front and hind limbs is termed: • “____________” proximal to the carpus/tarsus and • “____________”distal to the carpus/tarsus. • The back surface of both the front and hind limbs that is proximal to the carpus/tarsus is called the ____________ surface. • The back surface of the front leg distal to the carpus is called the ______________ surface. • The back surface of the back leg distal to the tarsus is called the ______________ surface.

  2. Directional terms of the limbs Palmar surface (forelimb) Plantar surface (hindlimb) Dorsal surface

  3. General Plan of the Animal’s Body • ___________ _____________ is the idea that left and right halves of an animal’s body are essentially mirror images of one another. • kidneys, lungs, arms, eyes, ears • Single structures in the body are generally found near the ______________ plane. • brain, heart, GI tract, trachea

  4. General Plan of the Animal’s Body • The ________ body cavity contains the brain and spinal cord (CNS) • spherical cranial cavity (cranium) • long, narrow spinal cavity (spinal canal) • The _________ body cavity is much larger than the dorsal one and contains most of the soft organs (viscera) of the body. • -the cranial thoracic cavity (thorax), is covered by pleura • -the caudal abdominal cavity (abdomen), is covered by peritoneum • -the thorax and abdomen are divided by the diaphragm

  5. Levels of Organization • _________- basic functional units of all life. • smallest subdivision of the body that is capable of life • _________- when specialized cells group together. • 4 basic tissue types: • 1. ________________: cells that cover body surfaces • 2. ________________: holds body together and gives it support. • 3. ________________: moves body • 4. ________________: transmits information around the body and controls body functions. • __________- groups of tissues that work together for a common purpose • __________-groups of organs that have a common set of activities

  6. The state of normal anatomy and physiology. • Disease can result when these are abnormal. • Maintaining health may be a difficult and complicated process. • Health of the body as a whole depends on the health and proper functioning of each of its systems, organs, tissues, and cells. • All structures and functions in the body are interrelated to produce optimal health.

  7. Homeostasis • Maintaining a _____________ ______________ in the body. • All the processes that maintain an active balance of the structures, functions, and properties of the body • processes that monitor and adjust all the various essential parameters of the body • processes that help maintain a fairly constant internal environment in the body as conditions inside and outside the animal change.

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