Ch. 20; Sect. 3 Hardship of Industrial Life

1. Ch. 20; Sect. 3Hardship of Industrial Life

2. ?? What You Should Know ?? 1.) What soared within big cities? 2.) Which city is considered the place where the Industrial Revolution began? 3.) Describe the “Factory System”.

3. The Industrial City • Urbanization – movement of people to cities. • RURAL – TO – URBAN MOVEMENT • Soaring Population growth. • Manchester, England • Population was 17,000 in 1750. • By 1801, population reaches 70,000. • Factories dominate the skyline. • Places that brought together workers and machines.

4. London, England What grabs your attention first about the picture?

5. The Factory System • “While the engine runs….people must work.” • Strict schedule for each day. • Start early (6 a.m.) and leave late (9 p.m.) • Long shifts • 12 – 16 hours of work, each day. • Workers returned home to Tenements.

6. The Factory System continued…. The Factory System put an end to the Domestic System. Under the Domestic Systemthe work was done at home. No longer the case. Work is completed in busy, crowded, and dangerous factories.

7. Employment In Factories • Factories wanted: • Women • Children • Unskilled • Why the unskilled??

8. ?? What You Should Know ?? 1.) What soared within big cities? 2.) Which city is considered the place where the Industrial Revolution began? 3.) Describe the “Factory System”.

9. Ch. 20; Sect. 3The Working Class

10. ?? What You Should Know ?? 1.) What would your life be like if you were a poor child growing up in England or the United States during the Industrial Revolution? 2.) Why did owners prefer children and women to adult men in many cases during the Industrial Revolution? 3.) Please list and describe who made up the “Middle-Class” of society during the 1800-1900’s.

13. Labor of the Industrial Rev • How old do you think the boy in the front is? • What do you notice about his clothing? • How long do you think he has worked today? This week? • How much do you think he makes an Hour? • If he could tell you about his life in two – three sentences, what might he say?

14. Young boy working in a coal mine

17. Wages • Wages were as low as possible • So owners could make more money

19. Why wages so low?? • Unskilled Labor, anyone could operate machines, little training needed. • High competition- • fire workers if they didn’t accept low wages

21. Child Labor • Many factories employed children as workers. • Could pay less, b/c unskilled. • Work long hours -- 12 hrs.+ • No time for school.

23. Factory Work • Long hours (14 hr/day, 6 days/week) • Very dangerous (injuries) • Loss of Life or Limb not uncommon • Low Wages- .05-.15 cents/hr

24. Textile Mill – Chicago, Illinois

25. Furman Owens, 12 years old. Cannot read. Does not know his A,B,C's. • "Yes I want to learn, but can't when I work all the time."

26. Hiram Pulk, age 9, working in a canning company. • "I ain't very fast; only about 5 boxes a day. They pay about 5 cents a box,"

27. This boy has just recovered from his second attack of pneumonia. • Was found selling papers in a rain storm.

28. Out selling papers after midnight

32. Young girl needing a step to reach her machine

35. Middle Class • Bankers, merchants, doctors, lawyers, professors, and ENTREPRENEURS. • Those who are in charge of maintaining and operating the businesses. • Lived in above average homes. • Well-educated.

36. Women during the Industrial Revolution • Working class (poor) women had to work in factories or as nannies. • Middle class women stayed home. • Lived a “lady-like” lifestyle.

37. Improvement for Women • New jobs – as nurses, secretaries, and teachers • More Women’s colleges • Cambridge University allows females to apply. • Western College (Miami University -- Ohio)

38. Living Conditions • Tenements • Horrible, inhumane circumstances. • Notice the living conditions of these workers.

40. New York City – Circa 1900

43. ?? What You Should Know ?? 1.) What would your life be like if you were a poor child growing up in England or the United States during the Industrial Revolution? 2.) Why did owners prefer children and women to adult men in many cases during the Industrial Revolution? 3.) Please list and describe who made up the “Middle-Class” of society during the 1800-1900’s.

44. Was the Industrial Revolution such a good event? From what you have seen, read, and heard I would like you to take time and answer this question. Weight all the factors about the Industrial Revolution and decide on your stance. ??Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or curse for human kind??