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Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839

Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839. Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839. Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839. This man is the first human being to be photographed .

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Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839

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  1. Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839

  2. Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839

  3. Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839 This man is the first human being to be photographed. Because of the long exposure times – minutes – the busy street in Paris appears empty. All the people and carriages have blurred away. But a single individual stopped to have his shoes shined, and because he didn’t move, he has been preserved for ever.

  4. Louis Daguerre 1787-1851Inventor of the Daguerreotype, the first successful photographic process, announced in 1839. Daguerreotype of Louis Dageurre

  5. Daguerreotypes were made in their millions during the 1840s. 90,000 were made in the colony of New South Wales. Daguerreotype locket from about 1845

  6. Daguerreotype, c1850 How to make a Daguerreotype 1 Polish a copper plate coated with silver 2 Sensitize the plate in the darkroom in a silver solution 3 Expose in the camera: several minutes 4 Develop the plate in the darkroom by fumes from heated mercury 5 Fix in Hyposulfate of Soda 6 Wash in distilled water

  7. The Calotype processWilliam Henry Fox Talbot 1800-1877inventor of the Calotype process, the negative/positive process which modern analogue photography is based on.

  8. On holiday at Lake Como in Italy, Talbot was trying to sketch the views with the aid a Camera Lucida, which …“… led me to reflect on the inimitable beauty of the pictures of nature’s painting which the glass lens of the Camera throws upon the paper in its focus;fairy pictures, creations of a moment, and destined as rapidly to fade away. Talbot’s 1833 drawing, made with a Camera Lucida, at the Villa Melzi.

  9. On holiday at Lake Como in Italy, Talbot was trying to sketch the views with the aid a Camera Lucida, which …“… led me to reflect on the inimitable beauty of the pictures of nature’s painting which the glass lens of the Camera throws upon the paper in its focus;fairy pictures, creations of a moment, and destined as rapidly to fade away. It was during these thoughts that the idea occurred to mehow charming it would be if it were possible to cause these natural images to imprint themselves durably, and remain fixed upon the paper!” Talbot’s 1833 drawing, made with a Camera Lucida, at the Villa Melzi.

  10. On holiday at Lake Como in Italy, Talbot was trying to sketch the views with the aid a Camera Lucida, which …“… led me to reflect on the inimitable beauty of the pictures of nature’s painting which the glass lens of the Camera throws upon the paper in its focus;fairy pictures, creations of a moment, and destined as rapidly to fade away. It was during these thoughts that the idea occurred to mehow charming it would be if it were possible to cause these natural images to imprint themselves durably, and remain fixed upon the paper!” Lake Como from Villa Melzi, From Google Earth (photo by Narcissa Milano)

  11. On holiday at Lake Como in Italy, Talbot was trying to sketch the views with the aid a Camera Lucida, which …“… led me to reflect on the inimitable beauty of the pictures of nature’s painting which the glass lens of the Camera throws upon the paper in its focus;fairy pictures, creations of a moment, and destined as rapidly to fade away. It was during these thoughts that the idea occurred to mehow charming it would be if it were possible to cause these natural images to imprint themselves durably, and remain fixed upon the paper!” Villa Melzi. From Google Earth (photo by W. Buerskens) Just past that third lion statue Fox Talbot sat and made his drawing which led him to invent photography!

  12. How to make a Calotype: 1 Brush a silver-nitrate solution onto writing paper 2 Immerse the paper in potassium iodide 3 Sensitise the paper with silver-nitrate and gallic acid, then dip in water 4 Partially dry in darkness and load damp into the camera. 5 Expose for up to ten minutes 6 Develop the image in a bath of silver-nitrate, acetic acid and gallic acid The result of Fox Talbot’s first experiments

  13. Fox Talbot, latticed window negative1835

  14. Fox Talbot, latticed window positive image

  15. “A painter’s eye will often be arrested where ordinary people see nothing remarkable … Fox Talbot, The Open Door, 1844 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2005.100.498

  16. Fox Talbot, haystack at Laycock Abbey 1840s “… a casual gleam of sunshine, or a shadow thrown across his path, a time-withered oak, or a moss-covered stone may awaken a train of thoughts and feelings, and picturesque imaginings.” - Fox Talbot, 1843

  17. Hill & AdamsonIn 1843, a painter and a chemist teamed up to form a photographic partnership, specializing in portraiture. They used Fox Talbot’s Calotype process. "the first substantial body of self-consciously artistic work using the newly invented medium of photography." Hill & Adamson, Newhaven Pilot c1845

  18. Hill & Adamson, Mrs Elizabeth Johnstone, Newhaven, c1845 Hill & Adamson, Newhaven Pilot c1845

  19. Hypolyte Bayard’s Direct Positive Process, 1840There was a third inventor of photography at the same time as Daguerre and Talbot!Hypolyte Bayard was a Paris office worker who had been working independently without knowing anything about the other two. Hypolyte Bayard self portrait, 1840

  20. Hypolyte Bayard’s Direct Positive Process, 18401 Coat paper in silver chloride and expose to light. This turns the paper completely black 2 Soak paper in potassium iodide 3 Expose in camera for 12 minutes4 Wash paper in hyposulfite of soda and dry Hypolyte Bayard self portrait, 1840

  21. “The corpse which you see here is that of M. Bayard, inventor of the process that has just been shown to you. As far as I know this indefatigable experimenter has been occupied for about three years with his discovery. … Hypolyte Bayard self portrait, 1840

  22. … The Government, which has been only too generous to Monsieur Daguerre, has said it can do nothing for Monsieur Bayard, and the poor wretch has drowned himself. Hypolyte Bayard self portrait, 1840

  23. … Oh the vagaries of human life....! ... He has been at the morgue for several days, and no-one has recognized or claimed him. Ladies and gentlemen, you'd better pass along for fear of offending your sense of smell, for as you can observe, the face and hands of the gentleman are beginning to decay. Hypolyte Bayard self portrait, 1840

  24. Julia Margaret Cameron – the beginnings of ‘art photography’ Julia Margaret Cameron was a wealthy Victorian lady who took up photography as an amateur in 1863. "From the first moment I handled my lens with a tender ardour, and it has become to me as a living thing, with voice and memory and creative vigour." Henry Herschel Hay Cameron, portrait of Julia Margaret Cameron, 1870

  25. Cameron was one of the first to develop fictional photography, the staging of narrative for the camera. From Tennyson's poem "O Lancelot, if thou love me get thee hence," And then they were agreed upon a night to meet And part forever, Stammering and staring; it was their last hour, A madness of farewells.” Julia Margaret Cameron,The Parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere, 1874

  26. Julia Margaret Cameron,The parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere, 1874 Julia Margaret Cameron, The Kiss of Peace 1869

  27. Cameron’s portraits are among the finest in the history of photography. She wanted to capture the genius of the ‘great man’ "the greatness of the inner as well as the features of the outer man.” Julia Margaret Cameron, Sir John Herschel, 1867, the inventor of photographic fixer http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/L.1997.84.6

  28. Julia Margaret Cameron, Sir John Herschel, 1867, the inventor of photographic fixer Julia Margaret Cameron, Edward John Eyre, 1867, Australian explorer http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/L.1997.84.6

  29. COLLODION WET PLATE PROCESSA new photographic process invented in 1850. It required the photographic materials to be coated, sensitized, exposed and developed within the span of about fifteen minutes. On location, this required a portable darkroom to be set up close to the camera

  30. COLLODION WET PLATE PROCESSPreparing the plate1 Prepare the glass plate by polishing and cleaning2 Mix collodion, iodide, Bromide ether and alcohol and leave for one week3 Pour the solution evenly onto the glass4 In the darkroom, immerse the glass into a bath of silver nitrate5 Load glass plate into the film holderMake the exposure

  31. Developing the plate6 Develop the image by pouring developer evenly over the glass7 Pour water over the glass to rinse it8 Put the glass in fixer9 Rinse the glass10 Dry the glass over a lamp11 Seal the image by pouring warm varnish over the heated glass 1850s Wet Plate field darkroom

  32. Albumen Printing The albumen print,was invented in 1850 by Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, and was the first commercial method of producing a photographic print on a paper base from a negative. It used the albumen found in egg whites to bind the photographic chemicals to the paper and became the dominant form of photographic prints from 1855 to about 1900. (wikipedia) Albumen prints have warm reddish brown colour

  33. Samuel Bourne, The Burning Ghat, Benares, India 1870

  34. Timothy O’Sullivan, Vermillion Creek Canyon 1872 Plate 57 from: Geological exploration of the fortieth parallel, U.S. Army Corps. of Engineers

  35. Timothy O’Sullivan, Incidents of the War: A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg 1863

  36. André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, Cartre-de-Visite, 1860s

  37. Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion In 1872, the photographer Edward Muybridge was hired by Leland Stanford, a businessman and race-horse owner to settle a bet. This was whether all four of a horse's feet leave the ground at any one time during a gallop. The movement is too fast for the human eye. Edward Muybridge

  38. Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion Muybridge developed a scheme for instantaneouscapture of the galloping horses. This involvedan array of cameras, an electrical trigger and special chemical formulas for film processing. Edward Muybridge

  39. Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion Muybridge developed a scheme for instantaneouscapture of the galloping horses. This involvedan array of cameras, an electrical trigger and special chemical formulas for film processing. The experimental track used during the production of The Horse in Motion (1881)

  40. Before Muybridge’s photographs were published, artists often incorrectly painted the galloping horses. The Impressionist Degas’ horse of 1871 is shown in the false “flying gallop.” Edgar Degas, 1871

  41. Edgar Degas, 1871 Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion 1878 The photographs clearly showed that a horse really does become airborne during a gallop, but not in the way artists thought.

  42. Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion 1878 Edgar Degas, 1871

  43. Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion 1878 Muybridgizer iPhone app Greg Wayn video

  44. Contemporary artists working with vintage techniques

  45. Jerry Spagnoliis a U.S. photographer who is an expert in the daguerreotype process. Jerry Spagnoli, daguerreotype of Trinity Church

  46. Jerry Spagnoli, daguerreotype of Twin Towers attack, 9/11

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