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Chinese Name Authority Control : The HKCAN Model

Chinese Name Authority Control : The HKCAN Model. Kylie CHAN Lily HU Patrick LO Lingnan University Library. Outline. Problems of using existing LCNA Urgent need for a Hong Kong authority file HKCAN workgroup Future development of Chinese authority work .

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Chinese Name Authority Control : The HKCAN Model

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  1. Chinese Name Authority Control : The HKCAN Model Kylie CHAN Lily HU Patrick LO Lingnan University Library

  2. Outline • Problems of using existing LCNA • Urgent need for a Hong Kong authority file • HKCAN workgroup • Future development of Chinese authority work

  3. Problems of Using Existing LCNA • Hong Kong libraries adopt MARC21 standard • >3 million name headings are all in romanized form • All Chinese headings are in romanized form only, without the Chinese script • Word-phonetic transliteration presents NO morphological meaning

  4. Omitting Original Chinese Script • Chan mu chieh kan huan hsin tien : Li tai kang pao tou cheng / Chen ying chu.

  5. Repeating Main-Heading-Entry Tag CMARC CNMARC UNIMARC Trans-literat-ion Original Chi. script

  6. Repeating Main-Heading-Entry Tag MARC21 Non-repeatable

  7. Equal Weight on both English & Chinese • HK is a bilingual society • Many authors publish in both Chinese & English • Many publications issued in bilingual format Chinese English • ‘See-also’ to link up different language headings is tiresome & time-consuming

  8. Lack of Uniqueness • Li, Ch’i

  9. Headings with Mixed Forms

  10. Features & Uniqueness of Chinese Civilizations • >5000 years culture -- much uniqueness has not been featured by AACR2 • Different forms of one’s name in different publications, e.g. school name, studio name, official name, courtesy name, temple name, pen name, etc.

  11. Different Ways to Represent Ancient Chinese Emperor’s Titles • e.g. Kublai Khan and NOT (Hubilie) Genghis Khan and NOT (Chengjishihan) Wu hou and NOT (Wu, Zetian)

  12. Inconsistent Treatment of Personal Names in LCNA

  13. Limited Coverage of Chinese-Name Headings in LCNA

  14. Urgent Need for a Hong Kong Authority File • Should NOT rely merely on LCNA • Inadequate vendor-supplied authority control services in Chinese language • Some HK libraries have developed their own ways to deal with Chinese authority data

  15. Various Authority Record Formats

  16. Inconsistent Bibliographic Information • Different libraries choose different authoritative forms for a name • Problem of inconsistent bibliographic information is highlighted when searching under networked environment

  17. To search for under networked environment 720

  18. To search for under networked environment 286

  19. Varying Cataloging practices Sharing of authority work

  20. Hong Kong Chinese Authority (Name) Workgroup

  21. HKCAN

  22. HKCAN

  23. Better Faster Cheaper More

  24. HKCAN’s Goals • Faster: speeds up progress of Chinese authority work • Better: provides greater consistency • Cheaper: reduces redundant time & effort • More: provides comprehensive coverage of Chinese name headings

  25. 1. Records can be downloaded via remote access HKCAN Database’s Unique Features

  26. Single / Two Authority Records? 7XX / Double 1XXs?

  27. 7XX--Heading Linking Entries • Once considered but NOT feasible for HK libraries • Its actual application NOT yet been clearly defined in MARC 21 • NOT yet been widely adopted by library communities

  28. 7XX--Heading Linking Entries • Time-consuming & labor-intensive for on-going maintenance & updating TWO separate authority records LC record 1XX Lau, Joseph 7XX HKCAN record 1XX 7XX Lau, Joseph

  29. 7XX--Heading Linking Entries • Does NOT enable comprehensive searching of multilingual publications concurrently • Using 7xx to locate publications in other language/script on OPAC is confusing

  30. 7XX--Search Result • To search for Lingnan University You searched for the AUTHOR:Lingnan University 3 AUTHORS found, with 11 entries; AUTHORS 1-3 are: 1. Lingnan University (Hong Kong) -->See also: LINGNAN COLLEGE (HONG KONG) …..…1 entry 2. Lingnan University (Hong Kong) -->See also heading in other thesaurus: ……………………..1 entry 3. Lingnan University (Hong Kong) ……….9 entries

  31. HKCAN Database’s Unique Features 2. Using a single authority record: • To link up an author’s multilingual publications • 1XX headings in different languages/scripts are regarded as equivalents

  32. HKCAN Model A 880 will not be considered, when using double 1XXs

  33. Expected search result • To search for (1XX): • All works by “ ” & “Lau, Joseph S. M.” will be retrieved; • To search for Lau, Joseph S.M. (1XX): • All works by “Lau, Joseph S. M.” & “ ” will be retrieved; • To search for Liu, Shaoming (4XX): • Liu,Shaoming  see • Liu,Shaoming  see Lau, Joseph S. M.

  34. Disadvantages of Model A • 2nd 1XX - NOT supported by Innovative • LC established form - NOT always a systematic transliteration of Chinese form in 1st 1XX

  35. HKCAN Model B • 1st 1XX -- in Chinese script • 2nd 1XX -- Replaced by 19X (Locally defined field for English form or Pinyin) 19X Tag:

  36. Tag 19X’s 2nd indicator

  37. HKCAN Database Setup 1. Merging of authority data • More than 100,000 Chinese authority records have been created by 7 local libraries • Average annual intake = 23,000 records • A library will remove all duplicates

  38. HKCAN Database Setup 2. Software development: enhance NCL’s software toweb-based interface, with capability to support CCCII, Big5 & GB internal codes 3. System maintenance: daily technical & server support will be taken up by a larger-scale library

  39. Future Development of HKCAN 1. Online linkage to individual libraries’ catalogues Bibliographic Catalogues

  40. Future Development of HKCAN 2. Machine-generated authority records Bibliographic record Authority record

  41. Future Enhancement of HKCAN Records Future Enhancement of HKCAN Records Future Enhancement of HKCAN Records Future Enhancement of HKCAN Records • multilingual, multiscript, multipurpose • operate under Web-based environment • multilingual, multiscript, multipurpose • operate under Web-based environment

  42. Tag 856 • Web-based interface extends the traditional boundaries of authority work • Access to information will NOT be governed by restrictive MARC tags • Will increase access to & sharing of information worldwide

  43. Tag 856

  44. Page 1 , page 2, page 3, page 4, page 5, page 6, page 7, page 8, page 9, page 10, page 11, page 12, page 13, page 14, page 15, page 16, page 17, page 18, page 19, page 20, page 21, page 22, page 23, page 24 Page 1, page 2 Page 1 , page 2, page 3, page 4, page 5, page 7, page 8, page 9, page 10, page 11, page 12, page 13, page 14

  45. Cooperation on an International scale • In Beijing --250,000+ name authority records have been created by NLC • In Taiwan -- NCL & NTU are merging their authority records into a new database • LCNA’s success -- built upon an international cooperative effort • NACO -- 200+ libraries to share the National Authority File

  46. Shared authority files to serve international audience • Other overseas library communities can also benefit from HKCAN • HKCAN’s success relies on all library communities’ support in the 19X-Authority Model

  47. Conclusion • MARC21 must allow original Chinese script • HKCAN project is by NO means easy • It is an imperative task for all libraries concerned

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