Hepatitis

1. Hepatitis Jessica Murphy

2. What is Hepatitis? • Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver. This can be caused by reactions to drugs, and other toxins such as excessive alcohol. The following are types of hepatitis. Hepatitis A - HAV Hepatitis B - HBV Hepatitis C - HCV Hepatitis D - HDV Hepatitis E - HEV Among these five types of Hepatitis, HAV, HBV, and HCV are diagnosed the most

3. The History of Hepatitis • Hepatitis A-- kills approx. 100 people/year in the US • Hepatitis B-- medical costs can average approx $668/year • Hepatitis C- - Originally called, “Non A, Non B Hepatitis” - First called Hepatitis C in 1989 - First case was found in donated blood – introduced the screening of blood before donation - First viewed as serious in 1990 • Hepatitis E-- used to be grouped with Hepatitis C

4. Causes of Hepatitis Hepatitis A *most common in children and young adults* • traveling to infected countries • contaminated food and water • living with/sleeping with/ or near infected persons • crowded, unsanitary areas • sexual intercourse www.ugandanetwork.org.uk/.../beavers/environ.htm

5. Causes of Hepatitis Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C *any age* *adults* • coming in contact with infected blood • sharing needles- including piercing tools and tattoos • passed on from mother to child at birth • sexual contact (usually does not apply to HCV) http://www.redcross.org/news/archives/2000/9-15-00b.html

6. Causes of Hepatitis Hepatitis D (any age group) *can only infect those with Hepatitis B* • come in contact with infected blood • use contaminated needles • sexual contact with a person with HDV www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/cancer/Pictures?M=D • Hepatitis E*ages 20 – 40 years* • contaminated water ( usually in other countries outside Canada and the US)

7. Symptoms! Hepatitis A: Children infected with HAV may not have symptoms, but the symptoms for may adults include: • light stools and dark urine • fatigue • fever • nausea and vomiting • abdominal pain • jaundice http://www.pediatricassociates.net/Vomiting%20and%20Diarrhea.htm

8. Symptoms! Hepatitis B,C,D,E Some people do not experience symptoms, those who do may have: • Flu-like symptoms • Dark urine • Fever • Light colored stools • Jaundice • Fatigue http://www.sfenvironment.com/facts/mercury.htm

9. How to Diagnose Hepatitis The following are procedures that will help determine the type of hepatitis along with other facts • Hepatitis Profile • Liver function • Liver Biopsy • Tells the type of hepatitis • Shows the stage of the disease (severity) • only performed if there is a chance of the chronic stage

10. http://www.autoimmunehepatitis.co.uk/images/tests/biopsy1.jpghttp://www.autoimmunehepatitis.co.uk/images/tests/biopsy1.jpg

11. Treatments! • No specific drugs for any other type but HCV • HCV – Interferon Alfa • Other types have some medication but with varying results in success • Other patients told to: *rest * eating small meals – bigger in morning smaller evening * meals should contain lots of protein • Patients hospitalized if :* there are severe symptoms or complications* I.V. is needed- patient can’t eat, or vomits a lot • Treatment success varies with age, debility, pregnancy

12. Future Outlook • Currently vaccines for HAV, HBV, and HDV • Vaccines are given to all ages or anyone that may have any chance of being at risk • Hoping to develop new forms of medication so there will be more drugs for more strands • Asking people to try to prevent conditions: *washing hands after bathroom/changing diapers * do not touch blood without protection * do not share razors/needles/toothbrushes * safe sex * avoid drinking/using possible dirty water

13. Work Cited • Hepatitis Foundation International. (2003) The ABC’s of Hepatitis. Retrieved October 16 2006 on the World Wide Web: <www.hepatitisfoundation.org>. • Moreau, David ed. (2002). Pathophysiology made incredibly easy! United States of America: Lippincott Williams and Wilikens. • MacKay, Douglas. (2005). User’s Guide to treating Hepatitis Naturally. Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications Inc. • National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. (2003). Viral Hepatitis A through E and Beyond. Retrieved October 14 2006 on the World Wide Web: <http://digestive.niddk.nib.gov/ddiseases/pubs/viralhepatitis/>. • Foglesong,Marilee., Robinson, James III., Stewart, Stephen. (2002). Hepatitis in Health Matters (vol. 1, pp. 100). Danbury: Grolier Educational. • American Social Health Association. Fact sheet on Hepatitis A & B. Retrieved October 6 2006 on the World Wide Web: <http://www.ashastd.org/pdfs/HepatitisABfactsheet.pdf>. • National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. (2003). Autoimmune Hepatitis. Retrieved October 14 2006 on the World Wide Web: <http://digestive.niadk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/autoimmunehep/index.htm>. • Wagman, Richard J. ed. (1998). Liver Disease in Medical and Health Encyclopedia (vol. 1, pp. 383-384). Toronto: Round the World Books Inc. • US National Library of Medicine. (2003). Medical Dictionary. Retrieved October 19 2006 on the World Wide Web: <http://www.hlm.nih.gov/medilineplus/mplusdictionary.html>.