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Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500 – 1800)

Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500 – 1800). Lesson 2 - The Reign of Louis XIV. Religious Wars and Power Struggles. 1562-1598 – France had 8 religious wars

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Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500 – 1800)

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  1. Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500 – 1800) Lesson 2 - The Reign of Louis XIV

  2. Religious Wars and Power Struggles • 1562-1598 – France had 8 religious wars • Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot prince married the daughter of Catherine de Medicis (wife of King Henry II & mother of 3 French kings) • 1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in Paris began as a protest vs. this wedding – 6 weeks of violence followed!

  3. Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV • 1589 – Catherine and her last son died; King Henry IV is the 1stBourbon King of France. • To satisfy Cath. he gave up Protestantism & became Cath. • 1598 – Edict of Nantes –Huguenots could live in peace & build churches in some cities • He restored the monarchy and brought peace to France • 1610 – He was killed by a religious fanatic Francois Ravaillac.

  4. King Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu • Louis XIII (1624-1643) = weak king • Cardinal Richelieu, head of Cath. church, was his minister • To increase Bourbon power he removed walls from Huguenot cities & increased power of agents from middle class to curb power of nobles who had to take down fortified castles • He wanted to make France the greatest power in Eur. vs. Hapsburgs as a result he involved France in the Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

  5. Louis XIV (1643-1715) = The Sun King • King at 4 yrs. old & real ruler was Cardinal Mazarin who followed Richelieu • Greatest triumph- he ended the Thirty Years War in 1643 • He was hated by nobles b/c he taxed & strengthened central gov’t (violent riots 1648-53 & even threatened little Louis). • Riots failed b/c nobles didn’t trust each other, gov’t was ruthless, & peasants grew tired of violence

  6. Louis XIV Weakens the Nobility • 1661-Louis (22 yrs) takes control • Excluded nobles from his councils • Appointed gov’t agents called intendants who taxed, adm. law, & recruited soldiers for the king • Reorganized army & assigned ranks; it went from 100 K to 400 K • He kept intendants in touch with him on a regular basis • “L’etat, c’estmoi”

  7. Exit Slip – Louis XIV Comes to Power • How did Henry of Navarre end the religious wars in France? a. Edict of Nantes b. Skepticism c. Asked the Pope • Who was Louis XIII’s minister who worked to strengthen the Bourbon monarchy? a. Cardinal Mazarin b. Cardinal Richelieu c. Colbert • How old was Louis XIV when he began his reign? a. 3 b. 4 c. 12 d. 31 • Louis XIV increased the power of the ________ to improve communication through the empire. a. Nobles b. Cardinals c. intendants

  8. France’s Economy Under Louis XIV • Louis’ goal was to make Fr. an economic power • Jean Baptiste Colbert – finance minister & mercantilist worked to make France become self-sufficient • Expanded manufacturing by financing & giving tax breaks to Fr. companies • Set tariffs high on imported goods • Raised taxes & reduced corruption • Emphasized importance of colonies & fur trade in New France • He died in 1683 & Louis repealed the Edict of Nantes & exodus hurt growth

  9. Stylin’ & Profilin’ w/ The Sun King • 500 cooks, waiters, & servants! • Each meal was a feast! (4 soups, 1 pheasant, 1 partridge in garlic, 2 slices of ham, 1 salad, pastries, fruit, & 2 boiled eggs for 1 meal! • 8:30 AM – 100 of most privileged nobles at bed side to wait on him! • Only 4 allowed to help dress him. • If nobles didn’t show to flatter him Louis turned against them.

  10. The Palace of Versailles • 11 miles SW of Paris; & cost $ 2.5 B today’s $! • 36 K workers & 6 K horses 27 yrs. to build it! • 5,000 acres of gardens, lawns, & woods! • 1,400 fountains and Hall of Mirrors (17 huge mirrors opposite 17 windows looking on gardens) considered most impressive room. • 4 K candles & silver + crystal chandeliers in Hall were lit on special occasions. • King’s BR furniture contained 1 ton of silver! • Cost more than 50% of all taxes collected in Fr!

  11. Here it is! Virtual Tour of Versailles

  12. Wars Are Disastrous to France • 30/54 yrs. France was at war! • 1667 (after death of Mazarin) Louis invades Sp. Neth. & took several Dutch towns by 1678. • 1689 – Wm. of Orange became King of England and joined League of Augsburg – an alliance to protect each other from France (Austria, Sweden, Spain, & smaller states = France’s strength.

  13. The War of the Spanish Succession (1701 – 1714) • 1700 – King Charles II (Spain) died childless & Louis XIV’s grandson, Phillip of Anjou (16 yrs) promised throne. This would join Fr. & Sp. • 1701 – Eng., Austria, Dutch R., & several Ger. & Itl. States said no. • Treaty of Utrecht (1714) said Phillip could be king if thrones not united. • Eng. Got Gibraltar and slave trade + N. Scotia & Newfoundland • Austrian Hapsburgs took Sp. Neth. • France was ruined & Louis died 1715. Spanish Musketeers

  14. The Legacy of Louis XIV • People of France rejoiced when he died • France did become a world power and a showcase for art, lit. & culture in Europe • $21 Billion in debt! • He advised his great gr. son (Louis XV) “Do not imitate me” • Planted the seeds for the French Revolution (1789)

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