RSVP Meeting with OMB Personnel

1. RSVP Meeting with OMB Personnel May 6, 2002 Washington • RSVP Personnel • Professor John Sculli, RSVP Principal Investigator, New York University • Professor William Molzon, MECO Spokesperson, University of California, Irvine • Professor Michael Zeller, KOPIO Co-Spokesperson, Yale University Overview of RSVP Project W. Molzon The KOPIO Program M. Zeller The MECO Program W. Molzon

2. The Rare Symmetry Violating Processes (RSVP) Project:Fundamental Physics at the Sensitivity Frontier • RSVP consists of new facility to be built at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory that will be used first for two experimental physics programs, each of which has the potential to profoundly change our understanding of the basic constituents of matter and the forces by which they interact: • MECO is a search for conversion of muons to electrons, able to detect this process if it as rare as 1 event for 1017 produced muons. The goal is to understand better the family structure of leptons, why there exist 2 extra, unstable heavy copies of the fundamental particles that make up the matter around us. • KOPIO is a search for decay of a neutral kaon to a neutral pion, a neutrino and an anti-neutrino.The goal is to understand better a process called CP violation, which is required to produce a Universe containing matter rather than a mixture of matter and anti-matter.

3. Understanding the Basic Constituents of Matter U.S.NobelPrizes normal matter } extra copies    nOscillations KOPIO MECO RSVP studies extremely rare processes that probes physics at a very highenergy scale, above that accessible by experiments at the highest energyaccelerators, operating or proposed.

4. Who are the RSVP Participants? • Sponsoring agency – • National Science Foundation, Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, MREFC Program. • NSF has been singled out as an agency • that is efficiently managed. • Host Laboratory – • Brookhaven National Laboratory, Operated by Brookhaven Science Associates for the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Division of Nuclear Physics • Breaking New Ground in Inter-Agency Cooperation MECO and KOPIO Scientific Collaborations – Boston University Brookhaven National Laboratory University of California, Irvine University of Cincinnati University of Houston University of Massachusetts, Amherst SUNY, Stony Brook University of New Mexico New York University University of Pennsylvania Syracuse University University of Virginia Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University College of William and Mary Yale University International Collaborators – Canada Italy Japan Russia Switzerland

5. How Did We Get to This Position? • MECO and KOPIO were proposed and approved on scientific basis by the Associate Laboratory Director for High Energy and Nuclear Physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory on the advice of his Program Advisory Committee, circa 1997. • A policy was established in 1998 that the DOE High Energy Physics Office would not support construction of new, large, particle physics experiments at BNL. • The RSVP proposal was submitted to the NSF Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences through the Experimental Particle Physics office in September 1999. The lead institution is New York University and Prof. John Sculli is the Principal Investigator. • In 1999, the NSF first considered funding RSVP at BNL; an NSF panel chaired by S. Wojcicki considered a number of initiatives and recommended approving RSVP. • A plan was subsequently put in place in which the NSF would fund the construction costs of RSVP and would fund the incremental operating costs of the RSVP program at BNL. This is possible because the AGS accelerator can deliver particles to RSVP most of the time while still serving as the injector to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Funding of incremental running costs by other agencies is routinely done at the AGS. • In 1999-2001, NSF review panels, both internal and external, gave strong support to the RSVP proposal. • In August 2000, the National Science Board approved RSVP and recommended it for inclusion in the FY2002 or a later Federal budget. • The recent HEPAP charged with setting out the 20 year roadmap of research in particle physics strongly endorsed RSVP.

6. RSVP Has Passed Scientific Scrutiny at Many Levels • RSVP experiments were reviewed and approved on science objectives and technical feasibility by peer review panels at Brookhaven National Laboratory (1997). • RSVP was very strongly supported by NSF-appointed peer review panel (1999):“A positive result from that experiment would have a profound effect on our understanding of the fundamental constituents of matter and of the forces that govern their behavior.” • RSVP has received high marks in many NSF cost, schedule and management reviews, both internal and external (1999-2001): “RSVP was critically reviewed internally at NSF by senior management from all of the NSF Directorates, resulting in broad, strong support for going forward.” * • RSVP has been approved by the National Science Board (October 2000):“The National Science Board reviewed the case for RSVP and approved it ‘for inclusion in the FY 2002 or later budget.’ ” * • RSVP continues to have the strong backing of the NSF: “RSVP is now the highest priority construction project from the Directorate of Mathematical and Physical Sciences.” * • *letter from Robert Eisenstein, NSF Assistant Director, to John Sculli, RSVP Principal Investigator

7. RSVP at Brookhaven National Laboratory MECO KOPIO

8. What is the Role of Brookhaven National Laboratory in RSVP? • BNL is the host laboratory for RSVP. As such, the laboratory will provide: • an operating accelerator (the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron or AGS) that is available >20 hours per day and requires funding only for incremental operating cost; • skilled engineers and technicians who will provide technical support (at cost) to RSVP for the design, construction and operational phases of RSVP. • BNL physicists are members of the MECO and KOPIO scientific collaborations. • The BNL Associate Laboratory Directory for High Energy and Nuclear Physics has an oversight role, providing advice to the NSF on the performance of the project. Comments on the benefits of operating RSVP at BNL: • The AGS is the best accelerator in the world for this suite of experiments. • Because the AGS will operate as an injector for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, funded by DOE Nuclear Physics, it can be used in a very cost-effective way for RSVP.

9. How is the RSVP Organization Structured? • RSVP has both a scientific organization and a construction project organization. The scientific and construction project organizations have many people in common. • Scientific collaborations are responsible for setting the scientific goals of RSVP and doing the scientific program • Scientific collaborations are organized in the traditional way, with spokespersons, representative collaboration boards, etc. • Project organizations are implemented to construct the RSVP facilities • The project organization follows the model of other organizations that build large, technically complicated projects (e.g. LIGO, NUMI/MINOS, etc.) • Project managers report to the Program Officer in the Experimental Particle Physics Office of the NSF • Existing project management plans specify the management structure (organized along a WBS), the periodic reporting requirements, the means of tracking performance, mechanisms for resolving problems, the means of documenting and and controlling changes, the mechanism for funding authorization, the flow of funds, etc. PMP’s are being reviewed by the NSF. • Funding flow is by agreement with the NSF; New York University is the grant-holding institution. Funds for MECO and KOPIO are distributed to University of California, Irvine, (MECO) and the State University of New York, Stony Brook, (KOPIO), and from there to participating institutions at which work is done.

10. What are the Financial Resources Required for RSVP? • The construction project cost is about $107M ($FY01) over 4 or 5 years Source of support: NSF MREFC Program • Incremental operating expenses at the Laboratory and at the collaborating institutions are about $12 M per year for 3-4 years – • Salaries of extra personnel required to operate the AGS (technicians, engineers) • Incremental power for the AGS and external beam-lines • Incremental M&S due to increased AGS usage • Operating costs for MECO and KOPIO detectors Source of support: NSF Division of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Substantial resources are available from international collaborating institutions, contingent on U.S. funding.

11. Current RSVP Funding Status • RSVP is currently operating with three year R&D grants from the NSF (RRA) for a total of about $900k per year. • We have pending R&D proposals for a larger amount. They have been reviewed and the final award amount is currently being considered by the NSF. • Many of the collaborating institutions are supported on grants from the NSF, DOE or International funding agencies. These grants typically are not sufficient to support required R&D. • Universities have been very helpful, either by directly supporting some work or by forward-funding grants so that work can proceed on a technically driven schedule. • Many members of the scientific collaborations are advocating to their Congressional Representatives for increased funding for the NSF, which would allow the NSF to initiate currently approved and unfunded MREFC projects soon.

12. Why Should the Country Fund RSVP Now? • Intellectual pursuits, including attempts to understand how the universe works, are one of the underpinnings of our society. • Historically, fundamental research in the physical sciences has produced enormous collateral technological benefits that contribute in many areas;one example is superconducting magnet technology and MRI machines. • The United States has the intellectual and financial resources to pursue technologically challenging problems in a way that few other countries do. • Scientific progress is made incrementally. A long range vision and commitment is needed to maintain progress; payout is beyond the horizon for private industry. • RSVP can very efficiently use an infrastructure that exists now. Both the physical infrastructure and the personnel involved have limited productive lifetime. • Funding projects when they are ready ultimately reduces the cost.

13. KOPIO Details

14. Muon to Electron COnversion (MECO) Collaboration • Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow • V. M. Lobashev, V. Matushka • New York University • R. M. Djilkibaev, A. Mincer, P. Nemethy, J. Sculli, A. N. Toropin • Osaka University • M. Aoki, Y. Kuno, A. Sato • University of Pennsylvania • W. Wales • Syracuse University • R. Holmes, P. Souder • College of William and Mary • M. Eckhause, J. Kane, R. Welsh Boston University J. Miller, B. L. Roberts, O. Rind Brookhaven National Laboratory K. Brown, M. Brennan, G. Greene, L. Jia, W. Marciano, W. Morse, Y. Semertzidis, P. Yamin University of California, Irvine M. Hebert, T. J. Liu, W. Molzon, J. Popp, V. Tumakov University of Houston E. V. Hungerford, K. A. Lan, B. W. Mayes, L. S. Pinsky, J. Wilson University of Massachusetts, Amherst K. Kumar Senior collaborators have experience in large and small collaborations and in experiments with searches for very rare processes.

15. lmd led The Physics Goals of MECO - Understanding the Lepton Family Structure Once a muon, always a muon? normal matter } extra copies MECO is sensitive to ML< 3000 TeV/c2 The Standard Model of particle physics describes very well the interactions of the known particles.Theoretically, it is known to be incomplete. • It does not predict the number of families nor does it explain the masses or the relationship between the families. • It evolves with new experimental results; including n masses and mixing is one example Experimental input is required to understand fundamental particles better. • High energy colliders will shed light on some SM problems, the origin of masses (the Higgs particle) for example. This is done by directly producing new particles. It has been modified to include n masses and mixing. • Studying very rare processes better probes other SM problems by looking for indirect evidence of new physics. The example of heavy lepto-quarks is shown above

16. History of Lepton Flavor Violation Searches 1 10-2 - N  e-N +  e+ +  e+ e+ e- 10-4 10-6 10-8 10-10 E871 10-12 K0 +e-K+ + +e- 10-14 SINDRUM2 10-16 MECO Goal  1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17. The First -N  e-NExperiment – 1955 • After the discovery of the muon, it was realized it could decay into an electron and a photon or convert to an electron in the field of a nucleus. • Without any flavor conservation, the expected branching fraction for +e+ is about 10-5. • Steinberger and Wolf looked for -N  e-Nfor the first time, publishing a null result in 1955, with a limit Re < 2  10-4 Absorbs e- from - decay 9” Conversion e- reach this counter

18. The MECO Experiment Transport Solenoid (25 – 21 kG)Low energy muons are transported to the stopping target in this 13 m long superconducting magnet. Muon Beam Stop Straw Tracker Muon Stopping Target Foils Muon Beam Production Target Crystal Calorimeter Collimators Proton Beam Detector Solenoid (20 – 10 kG)Conversion electron candidates from the stopping target have their momenta and energies measured in the 12 m long superconducting magnet. Production Solenoid (50 – 25 kG)Pions and muons and are produced in the 5 m long superconducting magnet and directed them to the transport solenoid

19. MECO Project Organization Chart National Science Foundation RSVP Program Manager BNL ALD T. Kirk Institutional Board Spokesperson W. Molzon BNL Oversight Committee Project Manager M. Hebert Executive Committee Project Manager Spokesperson Project Office Technical Board Chief Mechanical Engineer ES & H Officer 1.1 AGS Mods M. Brennan 1.2 Proton Beam K. Brown Chief Electrical Engineer Cost & Schedule Manager 1.3 Target & Shield A. Mincer 1.4 Solenoids W. Hassenzahl Quality Assurance Officer 1.5 Muon Beam W. Morse 1.6 Tracker E. Hungerford 1.7 Calorimeter J. Sculli 1.8 C R Shield J. Kane 1.9 DAQ K. Kumar 1.10 Infrastructure TBD

20. Ongoing MECO R&D Effort MECO is concentrating available resources on critical path items and those items with highest technical risk or uncertainty. • MECO contracted with the MIT/PSFC group to do a conceptual design study (now completed) and is negotiating to have them manage the industrial procurement of the magnets. • We are developing other critical technologies, e.g. particle detectors and elements of the accelerator improvements. • MECO has appointed a full-time Project Manager who is organizing the project and appointing key project personnel.

21. MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center Conceptual Design of MECO Magnet System 5 T 2.5 T 2 T 1 T 1 T

22. Total Costs of MECO Segment of RSVP