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MEPCON 2005

MEPCON 2005. MODULATED POWER FILTER FOR SINGLE PHASE INRUSH TRANSIENT LOADS PhD Student: Pierre Kreidi, P.Eng. Supervisor: Dr. A. M. Sharaf, P.Eng. SYSTEM MODELS. Single Line Diagram of Radial Utilization System. Nonlinear Load Models. Volt-Ampere (V L – I L ). Arc Type. Cyclical Load.

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MEPCON 2005

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  1. MEPCON 2005 MODULATED POWER FILTER FOR SINGLE PHASE INRUSH TRANSIENT LOADS PhD Student: Pierre Kreidi, P.Eng. Supervisor: Dr. A. M. Sharaf, P.Eng.

  2. SYSTEM MODELS Single Line Diagram of Radial Utilization System

  3. Nonlinear Load Models Volt-Ampere (VL – IL) Arc Type Cyclical Load Temporal time-dependent (Cyclical load)

  4. Nonlinear Load Models Volt-Ampere (VL – IL) Industrial Motorized Load Cyclical Motorized Modulated Fanning Effect Converter-Rectifier Modulated

  5. Nonlinear Load Models Volt-Ampere (VL – IL) Limiter Type Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) FL-Starter Ballast Nonlinear Magnetic Saturation type

  6. Nonlinear Load Models Volt-Ampere (VL – IL) Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD) Dual Loop Nonlinear

  7. Switched Modulated Power Filters and Capacitor Compensators Dual-Tuned-Arm Filter TAF + Static Capacitor Compensator Tuned-Arm Filter (TAF) Asymmetrical Tuned-Arm Filter (ATAF) C-Type Filter MPF/SPF(Family of Filters – Compensators) Developed by Dr. A. M. Sharaf

  8. Switched Modulated Power Filters and capacitor Compensators Economic Tuned-Arm Power Filter and Capacitor Compensator Scheme (used in S-phase 2 wire loads) • Motorized Inrush Loads • Water Pumps • A/C • Refrigeration • Blower / Fans Switched Capacitor Compensator Scheme (used for on/off Motorized loads)

  9. Novel Dynamic Tracking Controllers (Family of Smart Controllers Developed by Dr. A. M. Sharaf) • The Dynamic Control Strategies are: • Dynamic minimum current ripple tracking • Dynamic minimum current level • Dynamic minimum power tracking • Dynamic minimum effective power ripple tracking • Dynamic minimum RMS source current tracking • Dynamic maximum power factor • Minimum Harmonic ripple content • Minimum reference harmonic ripple content • Electric Power/Energy Savings • Improve Supply PQ by reducing Harmonics and improve power factor and enhance waveforms as close as possible to sine wave

  10. Novel Dynamic Controllers Dynamic Minimum-RMS Current tracking Minimum Harmonic Reference Content

  11. Switching Devices (on/off or PWM) The solid-state switches (S1, S2) are usually (GTO, IGBT/bridge, MOSFET/bridge, SSR, TRIAC) turns “ON” when a pulse g(t) is applied to its control gate terminal by the activation switching circuit. Removing the pulse will turn the solid-state switch “OFF” TS/W=1/fS = (ton + toff) 0<ton<TS/W

  12. Switching Devices – PWM Circuits PWM Circuit

  13. Concept of Modulated Power Filters (MPF) The Linear Combination of two Unit Step Functions to describe a Pulse of Amplitude 1 and duration t0. Tune Arm Filter layout

  14. Power Filter Design and Selection (Selected Procedure) • It is uneconomic to try to cancel all unwanted harmonics (It is very difficult to estimate in advance the level, type or propagation of harmonics throughout the a.c. network). • A practical power filter design criteria usually targets the lower-order dominant offending harmonics to an acceptable level and not to completely eliminate all harmonic orders.(Meet IEEE-519 Standards). • The basic specified design parameters of any power filter are normally The size (Qc) and quality (factor, tuning frequency). The size of a power filter is defined as the reactive power that the power filter capacitor supplies at the fundamental frequency (f1). The quality of the power filter (Q) determines the tuning-sharpness of power filter.

  15. Power Filter Design and Selection • It is very important when selecting any electrical system, or retrofitting an existing one, to take as many precautions as necessary to minimize any possible harmonic intensification by series or parallel resonance (high current or high voltage). • In power filter design the following factors are normally specified: (1) Total targeted voltage and current harmonic distortion levels {(THD)i, (THD)v} at a given location (usually load-bus). (2) Individual harmonic voltage distortion (in, vn). (3) Telephone influence factor (TIF), and the other Telecommunications Interference measures and indices as required for noise interference problems. (Form Factor=Peak/RMS Ratio, C-Message Weighting (Relative sensitivity of telephone circuits to interference)) • Capacitor size selected to be 40-60% of the nonlinear load KVAR Capacity. • Electrical system of the facility, Electrical System Impedance, and load currents waveforms must be analyzed.

  16. Power Filter Design and Selection • Tuned frequency selected at approxim. Wn=0.90-0.95 of 3rd or 5th harmonic, mainly because capacitance decreases with temperature or there is a change in the system or there is a component failure. • Quality factor for TAF, Q=(Wn*L/R) • Quality factor for HPDF Q=(R/Wn*L) • Filter Qc VARS = w1*C*VLL^2 (3-phase) or • Filter Qc VARS= w1*C*VLN^2 for a single phase filter. • Filters are usually applied close to the component in a system where there is significant generation of harmonic currents. • Filters (when installed in the bus) must be designed with the capacity of the bus. The filter can not be sized solely on the load that is producing harmonic.

  17. Power Filter Design and Selection • Filter/System Interaction: Design Procedure is Based • (I) On Trial and error • (II) Optimization: Design Minimize ‘J’ And Inequality Constraints:  Ci min < Ci < Ci max or specified discrete levels Li min < Li < Li max or specified discrete levels Ri min < R < Ri max or specified discrete levels  Use MATLAB OPTIM Toolbox

  18. Single Phase Modulated Power Filter Configuration

  19. Dynamic Control strategy

  20. Time Domain Dynamic Simulation results of voltage and current waveforms (source, load) without the Modulated Power Filter Time Domain Dynamic Simulation results of voltage and current waveforms (source, load) with the Modulated Power Filter

  21. Frequency-Spectra of Supply Current (iS) without the Modulated Power Filter Frequency Spectra of Supply Current (iS) with the proposed Modulated Power Filter

  22. Time Domain Dynamic Simulation results of voltage and current waveforms (source, load) with the proposed Modulated Power Filter Volt-Ampere (V-I) phase portraits with the proposed Modulated Power Filter

  23. CONCLUSION • The paper presents a low-cost single phase harmonic mitigation PWM-pulse width modulated power filter device to be used with single phase transient symmetrical Arc-Type nonlinear loads. The switched power filter is controlled by a dynamic-minimum harmonic ripple controller to adjust the duty-cycle ratio or (ton) time, hence modulating the equivalent shunt power filter admittance (YF). The proposed scheme is cost effective for single-phase nonlinear Arc type loads in the range (1-15kVA).

  24. Thank You

  25. Questions ?

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