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This review compares the theories of evolution proposed by Lamarck and Darwin, highlighting their similarities and differences. It explores concepts such as use and disuse, inheritance of acquired traits, natural selection, and human evolution.
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Review Lamarck V. Darwin Theories of Evolution
Use and disuse Organisms have a desire of something and can change traits Inheritance of Acquired Traits Tendency towards complexity and perfection Initially not much variation within a population Evolution = thousands of years Natural Selection Mutation Variation in a population environment selects “good” genes Can pass on traits if mutation is in DNA of sex cells Evolution requires millions of years DifferencesLamarck Darwin
Use and Disuse Theory: if an organism wants something badly enough (desire), it can acquire a new trait by use or disuse.Inheritability of Acquired Traits = if an organism acquires (gets) a trait it did not have before, it can then pass the trait on to its offspring
SimilaritiesLamarck and Darwin • Trying to answer the same question: How do populations change over time? • Agree that organisms change over time • Environment drives evolution of traits • Common descent
Questions • Why was Lamarck incorrect? • Changing the phenotype does not change the genotype. • Variation already exists in populations from mutation • How can you pass on a trait caused from mutation? • Only if the mutation is in the DNA of the sex cells (sperm or eggs)
Taxonomic Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae (Hominids) Genus: Homo (humans), Pan (chimps), Gorilla (gorillas)
Primates • animals with five flexible fingers with an opposable thumb (include monkeys, apes, and humans) • Have binocular and color vision • Evolved about 35 million years ago • Human DNA and chimp DNA is 98.4% similar!!!
THE GREAT APES Chimpanzee Bonobo Gorilla Orangutan Man’s Closest Living Relatives
“Lucy” • The oldest hominid (3 myo) • Discovered by Johanson in 1974 in Ethiopia • About 3.5 ft tall / 62 lbs • Walked upright • Evidence that hominids walked upright before they evolved larger brains
Darwin’s Explanation • How would Darwin explain the evolution of humans from a monkey ancestor? • Mutations produced variability in monkey populations the environment selected those organisms that were best adapted (high fitness) over millions of years and much change in the environment, humans evolved because they were the best adapted to the environment.