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Long term Causes of WW I

Long term Causes of WW I. M – A – I – N Revisionist view point. Militarism. War plans control politics Schleiffen plan - German Plan XVII – France Russian Mobilization plans Arms Races Naval Arms Germany tries to be like England England responds with HMS Dreadnaught. Alliance System.

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Long term Causes of WW I

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  1. Long term Causes of WW I M – A – I – N Revisionist view point

  2. Militarism • War plans control politics • Schleiffen plan - German • Plan XVII – France • Russian Mobilization plans • Arms Races • Naval Arms • Germany tries to be like England • England responds with HMS Dreadnaught

  3. Alliance System • Began by Bismarck to ensure German security • Be 1 of 3 in a group of 5 • Isolate France • Kept the peace from 1870s until 1914 • Triple Alliance with A-H and Italy • Reassurance treaty with Russia

  4. Alliance System • Bismarck compelled to resign in 1890 • Old alliance system changes • Reassurance treaty with Russia allowed to lapse • France and Russia form alliance 1894 • Britain abandons splendid isolation in 1905 • Forms Entente Cordial with France

  5. Imperialism • Acquisition and possession of colonies seen as indication of status as world power • England and France lead • Germany had late start – Bismarck not interested in colonies • Helped fuel naval Arms race • Soured Anglo-German relations • Jameson Raid

  6. Nationalism • Destructive Force in Ottoman Empire and A-H • Pan-Slavism in Balkans – supported by Russia • Uniting force in Germany and France • Revanchism in France • Weltpolitick in Germany

  7. Major players

  8. Germany • Formed in 1871 after Prussia defeats France • Altered balance of power formed by Congress of Vienna • Most powerful industrial nation after GB • Most powerful Army • Poor strategic location- no natural frontiers and central location between Russia and France

  9. Russia • Most autocratic and economically backward of Major powers • Largest pop. and land area* • Historically expansionist • East, south and south west to med • Seeking warm water port • Suffered major defeat against Japanese in 1905 • Fueled Russian militarism in the lead up to the war

  10. England • Most powerful industrially • Most powerful Navy • Largest Empire – Sun never set on British Empire • Pax Britannica • Traditional For. Pol. Is Splendid Isolation

  11. France • Most powerful continental power until 1871 • Lagged industrially - Mainly agricultural nation • Second largest Empire • Most liberal government – somewhat unstable = 47 governments from 1870 to 1914 • Many wanted to get back Alsace-Lorraine

  12. Austria Hungary • Oldest Monarchy – Hapsburgs • Polygot Empire • Dual Monarchy • Growing weaker – being torn apart by nationalistic desires of different ethnic groups • Opposed Russia in Balkans

  13. Minor players

  14. Italy • New nation like Germany • Had pretensions to being great power • Didn’t have economic nor military power to be significant • Wanted parts of A-H - Tirol and Trieste • Joined in Triple Alliance anyway

  15. Serbia • New country • Wanted Southern Slav country - Yugoslavia • Encouraged separation of Slavs in A-H • Supported terrorist organizations

  16. Ottoman Empire • Sick man of Europe • Also polygot empire being driven by nationalism • Controlled strategic Bosphorus Straights • Thus opposed Russia

  17. Belgium • Security and neutrality guaranteed by GB – major trading partner • Very flat no natural boundaries

  18. Key events • First Moroccan Crisis - 1905 • Inept German diplomacy results in setback • Bosnian crisis 1909 • A-H annexes Bosnia • Second Moroccan Crisis • Germany threatens war over French action • Haldane Mission • British attempt at peace rebuffed by Germany • Balkan Wars 1911 – 12 • Serbia and Bulgaria stir trouble

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