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Long-term Causes of WWI

Long-term Causes of WWI. IB History of the America’s Year 2 Quarter 1 Causes, Practices, and Effects of War. Vocab/Basic Information. Kaiser Wilhelm I – 1 st ruler of Germany Otto Von Bismarck – Chancellor Alliances – joining of 2 or more powers

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Long-term Causes of WWI

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  1. Long-term Causes of WWI IB History of the America’s Year 2 Quarter 1 Causes, Practices, and Effects of War

  2. Vocab/Basic Information • Kaiser Wilhelm I – 1st ruler of Germany • Otto Von Bismarck – Chancellor • Alliances – joining of 2 or more powers • Front – lines where fighting is taking place • Blockade – preventing goods entering or exiting • Indemnity – money or goods that is received as compensation for damage or loss • Kaiser Wilhelm II – 2nd ruler of Germany, took over 1888 • Leo von Caprivi – Chancellor took over for Bismarck in 1890 • Imperialism – Empire building; Gaining of colonial power • Entente – French word meaning Understanding

  3. What was happening • Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) – Prussia defeated France • 39 separate Germanic states – largest were Austria & Prussia • Objective was to make a larger Germanic state • Prussia beats Austria and then France • Prussia humiliates French army • Uses railroad (new technology) to move resources • France lost Territory (Alsace-Lorraine), had to pay indemnity, occupied France until paid • German unification, new power in Europe • France’s position was undetermined • New war strategies – modern warfare, move fast, well trained, leaders must be knowledgeable

  4. Bismarck’s Alliances • The Dreikaiserbund or Three Emperors’ League (1873) • Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungry • Terms were vague but kept France isolated • The Dual Alliance (1879) • Dreikaiserbund fell apart when Austria-Hungry got into a conflict with Russia in the Balkans • Bismarck made an agreement to work with Austria-Hungry if Russia wanted to wage war • Both countries agreed to remain neutral if other European countries attacked one or the other

  5. Bismarck’s Alliances Continued • The Three Emperors’ Alliance (1881) • Russia felt isolated and struck up revised version of Drieskaiserbund – this offered Bismarck added security • Terms offered Russia, Germany or Austria if at war with other countries would remain neutral • The Triple Alliance (1882) • Between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy • If any were attacked by 2 or more countries, the alliance would lend assistance • The Reinsurance Treaty (1887) • Three Emperors’ Alliance fell apart due to Balkan problems in 1885 • Separate treaty was written to avoid risk of war on two fronts • Bismarck had to make sure Germany stayed friendly with Russia

  6. Questions: from reading pg. 14-18 • Explain the new Course. • Explain Weltpolitik. • Explain how Imperialism helped fuel tension. • Explain the emergence of the alliance system. What is its importance? • What was the key piece that caused the naval race to take place? • Explain each countries connection to the Balkans.

  7. Answers • Wilhelm II & Caprivi overturned Bismarck’s careful orchestration of alliances, allowed treaties to lapse, political clause in alliances agreeing to support in imperial disputes, clause was anti-British and freed France from isolation • Policy they hoped would make Germany a colonial power with an overseas empire and navy; hopefully diverting the German people from its social and political problems • Countries wanted to claim land initially for economic reasons and then for the belief of Western Civilization was dominant; Germany wanted its influence felt outside Europe like Britain

  8. Answers Continued • It became a type of Chess match; strategic placement just in case of war – it cause Germany to feel encircled because of the “Triple Entente” (Russia, France, Britain); Europe was divided into 2 alliances – Triple Entente & Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungry, Italy) • The HMS Dreadnought – super-battleship Britain created; made all other battleships obsolete so essentially both sides started the race back at zero

  9. Answers Continued 6. 3 countries Turkey – had once controlled all; lost Serbs, Greeks and Bulgars; struggle to hold onto remaining territories Austria-Hungry – by 1900 were losing grip on multi-ethnic empire; Southern Slavs (Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) pushed for independence and looked to support from Serbia (look at as threat to Austria-Hung.) Russia – Sympathized with Slavs; wanted straits of Constantinople for shipping (warm water ports); wanted to capitalize on Turkey’s declining power

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