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World-wide Measurements of Atmospheric CO 2 and Other Trace Species Using Commercial Airlines

World-wide Measurements of Atmospheric CO 2 and Other Trace Species Using Commercial Airlines. T. Machida 1 , H. Matsueda 2 , Y. Nakagawa 3 , M. Tomosawa 4 , K. Ishikawa 5 , T. Inagaki 5 , T. Nakazawa 6 , T. Ogawa 5 and T. Suenaga 7

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World-wide Measurements of Atmospheric CO 2 and Other Trace Species Using Commercial Airlines

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  1. World-wide Measurements of Atmospheric CO2 and Other Trace Species Using Commercial Airlines T. Machida1, H. Matsueda2, Y. Nakagawa3, M. Tomosawa4, K. Ishikawa5, T. Inagaki5, T. Nakazawa6, T. Ogawa5 and T. Suenaga7 1NIES, 2MRI, 3JAL, 4JAMCO, 5JAXA, 6Tohoku U., 7JAL F.

  2. Aircraft Measurements • Limited Data • Validation for Model Transport • Validation for Satellite CO2 Commercial Airliner Chartered Aircraft • High Frequency • Severe Restriction • Easy Installation • High Cost Introduction

  3. Ongoing Project (MRI, JAL, JAL F) 1993-now, Twice/month CO2, CH4, CO

  4. Growth Rate CO2 Detail: Poster FF-177 (Matsueda et al.) CO

  5. New Equipments for Commercial Airliners New Project from 2003Atmospheric Measurement by Airliners for Trace Species: AMATRAS • New Functions… • in-situ CO2 measurement • Aircraft information from ARINC 1. Continuous CO2 Measurement Equipment (CME) 2. Improved Automatic Air Sampling Equipment (ASE)

  6. Drier Pump 1ccm NDIR LI-840 150ccm Solenoid Valve MFC Pressure Controller ARINC Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, Ground Speed, Wind Speed, Wind Dir., Air Temperature Data Logger CME Description Standard Gases Size: 570H * 320W * 255D Weight: 22 kg (incl. Cylinders)

  7. Std Gas 20min Acquisition 1min Std Gas 5min Acquisition 10s Std Gas 5min Acquisition 10s 2000ft 2000ft CME Measurement All Flight above 2000ft 600H Flight (2month)Download(Std Gas, Drier)

  8. Measured Value =368.88±0.11 ppm Linearity and Drier Test Cylinder Value =368.86 ppm Good Linearity and No large Influence from Drier & Pump

  9. Comparison with Large System (LI-6262) CME LI-6262 System

  10. Temporal CO2 Variation LI-6262 Good Agreement but slow response

  11. Pump On Takeoff Test Flight using B65 by JAXA

  12. Vertical CO2 Profiles Mar.-May, 2005 Reasonable Profiles

  13. old ASEnew ASE Control Trigger: Measurement: New ASE Flask: 12 Titanium Sampling: Twice/Month Australia-Japan Analysis: Next Day (in 2days) TimerARINC Fixed Position Vertical Sampling CO2, CH4, COCO2, CH4, CO N2O, SF6, H2 CO2 isotope

  14. Good Stability in the Titanium Flasks Small Drifts but only CO needs Correction

  15. Radio Frequency Emission Test Altitude Test FAA Official Test High Temp Test Power Input Test Radio Frequency Emission Test Static Load Test Altitude Test Waterproofness Test Proof and Burst Pressure Test VibrationTest Radio Frequency Susceptibility Test Voltage Spike Test Static Load Test Got an Approval from FAA in April 2005

  16. ASE Pump CME FWD Installation on 747-400 air conditioning duct

  17. 8 19 4 2 10 4 1 4 13 3 7 3 2 2 8 12 5 1 5 CME CME CME CME ASE ASE CME 747-400 747-400 777 777 777 Example of Destination in April 2004 (5 Aircrafts)

  18. Schedule Apr. 2005: FAA Official Test Oct. 2005: Installation for 747-400 End-Oct.: Issue STC by FAA & JCAB 1st Test Flight by 747 Nov. 2005: 2nd 747 Feb. 2006: 1st 777 Apr. 2006: 2ndand 3rd 777 2006-2010: Budget Applied (MOE Japan)

  19. Conclusion We Successfully Developed New Instruments • CME +/-0.2 ppm (10s data) Slow Response but Accurate • ASE ARINC Control Good Stability in the Titanium Flasks • Pass FAA Official Test STC for Aircraft Type (747 & 777) Apply Other Airliners Acknowledgement: This project was partly supported by MEXT

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