Bell ringer .

1. Bell ringer . • Write down objective :Analyze how the Enlightenment impacted the development of the U.S. Government and foundational documents. • Write down Homework: Study guide objective 1 you will be quizzed on information. • Bellringer: Do you think it is better to be feared or loved?

2. Unit 2

3. The Age of Enlightenment • Enlightenment- 2 Types • religious or spiritual enlightenment • intellectual enlightenment. • Also known as the age of reason

4. What was the Enlightenment? An intellectual movement; thinkers used reason and the scientific method to help them understand their world especially in government They said that God did not give people the right to rule Instead, the right to rule came from the people.

6. Ideas brought forth by Enlightenment writers Agree and Disagree There should be different branches in the government. That way no one person has too much power Okay you live here so you HAVE to follow the rules. That way we can all be safe…social contract…yeah that’s right. I'm down with life liberty and property

7. Pick one of the following quotes and: Free write…can be a poem, rap or journal style. On ideas of Enlightenment War, poverty, and injustice are not God-given punishments for our sinfulness but bad management.  Oppressive governments can be reformed or overthrown.  It is better to be feared then loved Poverty can be reduced through the productivity of new inventions and technologies.  Ignorance can be overcome through universal public education. 

8. Gallery Walk • STEP 1: Walk around the room and read the placards on the wall that describe the ideas of the important Enlightenment philosophers. • STEP 2: Complete the corresponding WORKSHEET: Gallery Walk – The Enlightenment Philosophers. • STEP 3: Present Findings • Rules….

9. Teach us something • Come up and share your thoughts on enlightenment thinkers! • Be loud • Show some enthusiasm!

10. Station 1: Niccolò Machiavelli • (1469 - 1527) was a Florentine statesman and political philosopher. • His two most famous books, Discourses on Livy)and The Prince were written in the hopes of improving the conditions of the Northern Italian principalities, but became general handbooks for a new style in politics. • Advocated the theory that whatever was expedient was necessary - an early example of utilitarianism (do what is practical…what makes the most sense) • it was always better to be feared. He also insisted if an end justified the means, then it was okay to do whatever was necessary to achieve those goals. Ruthlessness was a necessity, and honor a option.He influenced other political scientists, including Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626), who praised Machiavelli for being such an honest creature, and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), author of Leviathan (1651), who agreed with Machiavelli that all people were weak, and needed a strong ruler, else society run to complete decay. • His name has taken on special meaning; “Machiavellian” is a term used to describe rulers who use deceit to impose their will. Famous Quotes: “Before all else, be armed.” • “You should keep your friends close, and your enemies closer.” • “He who wishes to be obeyed must know how to command.” • “It is not titles that honor men, but men that honor titles.” • “The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he has around him.”

11. Station 9: John Locke • Locke wrote The Two treaties of Government. • he left England because he valued individual freedom (of religion) • he believed that all people could reason (think) and so they should be allowed to govern themselves • he said that governments are formed to protect the rights of the citizens (these were life, liberty, and property) • he said that the power to rule must come from the consent (agreement) of the ruled • Locke also said that because women think, they should be allowed an equal voice • He believe three key rights are life liberty and property. Famous quotes All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions. All wealth is the product of labor.

12. Station 4: Baron de Montesquieu • Wrote The Spirit of the Law • de Montesquieu believed that people were not naturally equal (he thought women were inferior and that slavery was acceptable), but that most people were essentially good • he thought that all differences should be tolerated (especially religious ones) • political power should be divided between three branches of government with separate but equal powers • each branch would check that the other branches did not abuse their power. • Famous Quotes: • “In the infancy of societies, the chiefs of state shape its institutions; later the institutions shape the chiefs of state.” • “An empire founded by war has to maintain itself by war.”

13. Station 5: Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Wrote the Social Contract • Rousseau believed that people are born good, independent, and compassionate. • He believed that if people were left on their own (without a government) they would be happy and peaceful. • He thought that society’s institutions (like school, arts, the media, and government) brought out the worst in people. • He believed in the Swiss model of small villages making decisions through direct democracy (where people are involved in every decision). • He believed in a “social contract”which is an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefitwhere people came together and ruled themselves with direct democracy. Famous quotes “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.”

14. Station 8: Thomas Hobbes • Hobbes wrote Leviathan • he saw people as being naturally wicked and said that they could not be trust to govern • he wrote the Leviathan and argued that a monarch should have complete control – he called this absolute monarchy • he said that democracy could not work because selfish people would always put their own interests ahead of the nation’s • people should voluntarily give power to a king who would guide the country • Famous quotes: • It is not wisdom but Authority that makes a law. • Not believing in force is the same as not believing in gravitation.

15. Enlightenment Philosophers

16. Interpret these quotes: speed dating Talk for a whole minute! What does it mean? Do you agree? Why?

17. Interpret these quotes: speed dating Talk for a whole minute! What does it mean? Do you agree? Why?

18. Reflect: Which quote impacts you the most? Why? What influence do you think these writers had on the United States? What is your belief on human nature? What do you think the best kind of government is? What something you heard your peer say that you felt was really insightful? Add any other thought you might have, go ahead and ramble.

19. Influenced a number of Documents • Declaration of Independence, July 1776 The U.S. Constitution • The French Revolution and The Declaration of Rights of Man • The Haitian Independence Movement in 1791 • Latin American Wars for Independence in Mexico, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru during the Early 1800s