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Renewable Energy Professor Mohammed Zeki Khedher Lecture 1

Renewable Energy Professor Mohammed Zeki Khedher Lecture 1. World population. Fossil Fuels – Oil Refinery Pasadena - Texas. Standard Large Power Plants Provide 1 Giga-watt of electric power and releases 2 Giga-watts of thermal power as waste heat. An efficiency averaging around 30%.

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Renewable Energy Professor Mohammed Zeki Khedher Lecture 1

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  1. Renewable EnergyProfessor Mohammed ZekiKhedherLecture 1

  2. World population

  3. Fossil Fuels – Oil Refinery Pasadena - Texas Standard Large Power Plants Provide 1 Giga-watt of electric power and releases 2 Giga-watts of thermal power as waste heat. An efficiency averaging around 30%. • 9000 tons of coal a day • 40,000 barrels a day or one tanker a week of oil • -generates about 5.3 x 10^9 kwh/year • -powers a city of a million people

  4. Where do Fossil Fuels come from?

  5. total world production in 1996 of • petroleum is 62,239e3 barrels / day • an average well in the US produces • only 11 barrels / day • In Saudi Arabia an average well • produces 9600 barrels /day Oil Drilling Platform Cook Inlet, Alaska

  6. How do fossil fuels create motion?

  7. Fuel Efficiency Over Time

  8. Trend of the growth of energy sources

  9. Renewable EnergyProfessor Mohammed ZekiKhedherLecture 2ReferenceGlobal Status ReportRenewable Energy Policy Network for the 21 century

  10. Renewable energy added about half • Estimated new electric power added 194GW • Estimated Renewable energy world wide 1320GW almost 8% over 2009

  11. Renewable EnergyProfessor Mohammed ZekiKhedherLecture 3References:Global Status ReportRenewable Energy Policy Network for the 21 century & Key World Energy Statistics

  12. Renewable Energy Sources • Solar photovoltaics • Solar thermal power • Passive solar air and water heating • Wind • Hydropower • Biomass • Ocean energy • Geothermal • Waste to Energy

  13. Concentrating Solar Energy

  14. Geothermal Heat and Industry

  15. Ocean Energy Industry

  16. Hydro-Industry

  17. Hydroelectric Power • Conversion from potential energy of • water to electric energy is at 80 – 90% • efficiency -Hydroelectric projects in the United States have rated capacities from 950 – 6480 MW • The use of Water Power is much • greater in some other countries. • Norway obtains 99% of its electricity • from water power. Nepal, Brazil, and • New Zealand are close seconds. Water generated - Hydroelectric Shasta Dam In California

  18. The Hydrologic Cycle

  19. Other Energy Considerations • Solar Power – uses the sun energy to either boil water or directly converts • solar energy to electrical energy • Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion – uses temperature differences • between different depths of ocean water to drive a heat engine. Working • fluid is ammonia which is gas at room temperature. -Biomass Energy: Municipal Solid Waste – burning wastes to drive heat engines • Geothermal Energy – based on naturally occurring heat in the Earth in the • Earth due to radioactive decay • Tidal Energy – uses the gravitational pull of the moon on our oceans to • drive turbines

  20. FORECASTED RENEWABLE COSTS 4030 20 10 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 PV Wind cents / kWh 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 70 60 50 40 30 20 100 1512 9 6 30 10 8 6 4 20 Solar thermal Biomass Geothermal cents / kWh 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 all costs are levelized in constant year 2000 dollars Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office (www.nrel.gov/analysis/docs/cost_curves_2002.ppt)

  21. Estimated Jobs Industry

  22. World Energy Consumption

  23. Nuclear Energy Problems and Concerns • In normal operations a nuclear reactor produces some environmental • emissions. E.g.: escape of radioactive fission products through cracks and • diffusion, radioactive H3 in small amounts in discharged water • Core meltdown are possible, but unlikely due to negative feedback and • shutdown systems • Even after shutdown there is 7% of normal power generation still in the • reactor fuel rods. This may be sufficient enough to melt core and destroy • the reactor, if cooling water is not supplied • A study entitled “Severe Accident Risks: An Assessment for Five US • Nuclear Power Plants” conducted by NRC in 1990, shows that for all the • 109 reactors now operating in the United States over a 30 year lifetime • there is about a 1% chance of a large release due to internal events.

  24. Problems With Wind Power • Wind variability must be overcome by system design - Basic energy Storage Enviornmental Concerns - Differences in pressure gradients around wind turbines affect birds • Noise from the turbines affects people and animals • Eyesore, the appearance of mile after mile of wind machines with • transmission lines is of concern to the public

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