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St.-Martin-des-Champs, Paris, 1130s

Clues in smaller churches in the Ile-de-France. St.-Martin-des-Champs, Paris, 1130s. Choir of St.-Denis – first flying buttresses?. reconstruction of the 1140-44 upper stories. Wall buttresses that anticipate flying Gothic buttress: narrow but deep

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St.-Martin-des-Champs, Paris, 1130s

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  1. Clues in smaller churches in the Ile-de-France St.-Martin-des-Champs, Paris, 1130s Choir of St.-Denis – first flying buttresses? reconstruction of the 1140-44 upper stories Wall buttresses that anticipate flying Gothic buttress: narrow but deep high placing in relation to vault springings

  2. Clues in smaller churches in the Ile-de-France St.-Martin-des-Champs, 1130s Choir of St.-Denis – ring of light

  3. Wilson: Basic principle of Gothic aesthetics derive from the pointed arch – unity through increasing the number and reducing the autonomy of the elements of design

  4. Île de la Citéin Paris – home to cathedral and royal palace

  5. Nôtre-Dame, Paris b. 1150-55, nave 1170-80, extensive rebuilding in 1220s, transept 1240s-50s façade 1200-45

  6. Political map of France, 1154 Île-de-France region (the royal domain)

  7. Laon Cathedral, France, late 1150s to 1205, choir 1215, façade 1190-5 Laon Cathedral, France, late 1150s to 1205, choir 1215, façade 1190-5 façade 1190-95

  8. Original plans of Nôtre-Dame Nôtre-Dame Laon Cathedral and Laon Cathedral

  9. Avg. Gothic cathedral Laon Nôtre-Dame Nôtre-Dame – 5 aisle basilica

  10. Nôtre-Dame – original 4-level nave elevation

  11. Nôtre-Dame – illumination

  12. Nôtre-Dame addition of chapels 1225-30 original plan

  13. columnar piers + sexpartite vaulting Nôtre-Dame, Paris Nave

  14. Nôtre-Dame, Paris Choir Detail of nave elevation at the gallery level

  15. Nôtre-Dame, Paris Detail of choir with old nave elevation (rebuilt in the 19th century) and 1220s nave elevation

  16. Nôtre-Dame, Paris as considerably rebuilt with 3-part nave elevation and larger clerestory original nave (1155) and buttressing (1180) including flyers windows and new flying buttresses in the 1220s

  17. Cathedral of Laon, 1155-1205 commissioned by duke and bishop Gautier de Mortagne(bishop 1155-74)

  18. Laon Cathedral, France, late 1150s to 1205, choir 1215, façade 1190-5 Laon Cathedral, France, late 1150s to 1205, choir 1215, façade 1190-5 façade 1190-95

  19. LaonCathedral as built as planned

  20. Tournai Cathedral, Belgium LaonCathedral Romanesque nave and transept early-mid 12th century Gothic choir, 1243-45 as planned in 1155

  21. Laon Cathedral

  22. Laon Cathedral – crossing and transept

  23. Laon Cathedral – transept chapels with polygonal apse main apse originally semi-circular north transept chapel (Lady Chapel)

  24. The polygonal plan manifests a desire for simultaneous multiple images. Abbey church of St.-Remi Reims, France, 1170-80s Laon Cathedral – chapels with polygonal apse north transept chapel (Lady Chapel) semi-circular apse

  25. Tournai Cathedral, Belgium Laon Cathedral –four-part nave elevation Romanesque nave early-mid 12th century

  26. Laon Cathedral –four-part nave elevation String courses + vault responds make a tiered grid Shafts correspond better to the different ribs of the sexpartite vaults Alternating piers (1170s) failed to relate. First inkling of the coming piliercantonné in High Gothic. Responds are free cylinders, edge-bedded joined with stone rings (“structural honesty”)

  27. thick rubble walls allow free lathe-turned cylinders to be attached by stone rings to the walls Laon Cathedral – nave elevation

  28. thick rubble walls allow free lathe-turned cylinders to be attached by stone rings to the walls Nôtre-Dame – nave elevation Laon Cathedral – nave elevation

  29. early flying buttresses at Laon too Laon Cathedral – nave elevation solid quadrant arch under roof of gallery buttress rises too high not to have supported flyers originally

  30. Romanesque façade of St.-Denis Paris, 1137-40 Early Gothic façade of Laon Cathedral 1190-95

  31. Early Gothic façade of Laon Cathedral 1190-95 Oldest full-width rose window (1175) on Laon’s north transept plate tracery

  32. Early Gothic towers of Laon Cathedral facade Villard de Honnecourt’s drawing of Laon Cathedral façade towers, 1220-40s

  33. Nôtre-Dame Laon Cathedral

  34. High Gothic Cathedrals in France

  35. Prestige of the French crown grows as of 1200 Richard I of England died unexpectedly in 1199 French king Phillip II conquered Normandy and Anjou starting in 1204 1200 1154

  36. Gothic nave elevations 12th-13th century Chartres Cathedral, b. 1194 Bourges Cathedral b. 1195

  37. Chartres Cathedral (Nôtre-Dame), Chartres, France, 1194-1221

  38. Bourges Cathedral (St.-Étienne), Bourges, France, 1195-1255

  39. Chartres Cathedral Bourges Cathedral

  40. I. A. What three architectural qualities did the new urban patrons in France want to see combined in their novel sacred spaces of Gothic cathedrals? fuller spatial unity + greater illumination + increased height Chartres Cathedral

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