Utilizing a Spring as a Kinetic Regenerative Braking System in Vehicles

1. Utilizing a Spring as a Kinetic Regenerative Braking System in Vehicles Eugene Lee

2. Wasted80% Not Wasted 20% Source: US Department of Energy

3. World Passenger Car Fleet, 1950-2004 Number of cars (millions) Source: AAMA, DRI WEFA, Global Insight Source: US Department of Energy Need 3600 lb car at 60mph 587,320 Joules 1.3 grams of gasoline World Fleet 352,392 Gigajoules 253,700 gallons of fuel $659,620 worth of fuel 4,921,780 pounds of CO2 9200 households for a year Both environmental protection agency 2850 g = gallon Gallon = 19.4 lb of carbon dioxide http://www.fueleconomy.gov/Feg/co2.shtml http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/420f05001.htm

4. US Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 2007 Source: US Department of Transportation http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep/climate/ccbrochure.htm

5. Braking

6. Electrical Regenerative Braking

7. Hydraulic Regenerative Braking

8. Flywheel Regenerative Braking Motor

9. Vex Robotics • Vex Robots will be used to simulate a vehicle

10. Processing Unit Motor Motor Spring Activator Motor Rack and Pinion Gears Spring Axle Rubber dots act as Face Gears Ratchet Model Design Plan Vex Robot Battery Gear separates, allowing wheels to turn Motor Wheels Spring has tension Spring attaches onto static gear ‘Gears’ intermesh, causing the Spring to spin on one end Spring attaches onto wheel, releases energy Turns Movement Motors Turns Spring Activator Motor Activate Motors

11. MATLAB ADVISOR - a system for regenerative braking Example code and graphical view

12. http://designscience.umich.edu/pdf%20files/APD-2003-04.pdf Spring Spring Spring Spring Pulling Mechanism Pulling Mechanism Pulling Mechanism Pulling Mechanism Gear Train Gear Train Gear Train Gear Train Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Braking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02 • Leonard et al (2003) • Tension spring model

13. http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/eee/news/FTF/FTF_Design_Challenge.pdf Accelerometer and MCU Engine CVT Torsion Spring Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; “Kinetic Energy Recovery System for Vehicles”; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008 • Li et al (2008) • Torsion Spring setup • Microcontroller and CVT

14. www.hevc08.org.uk/PDF/08.%20U.Diego-Ayala_HEVC08.pdf Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008 • Martinez (et al 2008) • flywheel regenerative model • Used braking patterns Source: US Environmental Protection Agency

15. http://146.164.33.61/termo/Motores/trabalhos%2007/P2000_04.pdfhttp://146.164.33.61/termo/Motores/trabalhos%2007/P2000_04.pdf Panagiotidis, Michael; Delagrammatikas, George; Assanis, Dennis; Development and Use of a Regenerative Braking Model for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle; The University of Michigan, SAE 2000 World Congress; March 6, 2000 • Michael (et al, 2000) • Used MATLAB to simulate Regenerative Braking in a vehicle • Also used braking patterns Figure 1. SIMULINK block diagram schematic of ADVISOR used in research

16. Purpose • Save energy • Reduce CO2 emissions • Little cost • Allow for smaller engine size

17. Engineering Goals • To create a working system that: • successfully is able to use energy lost from braking to forward momentum • allows for greater energy production than energy lost through its friction

18. Budget Available at school

19. Flowchart Vex Robot MATLAB Physical Testing Computer Simulation Determine energy output of spring device Determine energy output of spring device n=100 Distance traveled / # of rotations Energy captured Distance traveled / # of rotations Compare results, should not be significantly different from each other Without Equipment (control) With Equipment (friction + weight) With unattached Equipment (weight) Without Equipment (control) With Equipment (friction + weight) With unattached Equipment (weight) n=100 Distance traveled / # of rotations Distance traveled / # of rotations Compare two results, should not be significantly different from each other Compare spring output energy with spring energy losses Analyze through SPSS after processing

20. Do-ability • VEX robot is easy to use and adjust • No large or costly materials • Prior experience with programming and other robotics • Going to Stony Brook Engineering Camp

21. Bibliography • Hewitt, Paul G.; Conceptual Physics; New York: Addison Wesley; 2003 • Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; Kinetic Energy Recovery System for Vehicles; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008 • Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Braking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02 • Kilcarr, Sean; Shifting for fuel economy; Fleet Owner; February 1, 2006 • Harrington, Winston; A Lighter Tread? Policy and Technology Options for Motor Vehicles; Environment; September 1, 2003; Volume 45 #9; Page 22 • Martinez, James; Brake energy regeneration in F1 by 2009; Motor Authority; June 5, 2007; <http://www.motorauthority.com/brake-energy-regeneration-in-f1-by-2009.html> • Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008 • Ogando, Joseph; A different Kind of Hybrid; Design News, July 16, 2007; Volume 62 #10; Page 75 http://www.hevc08.org.uk/PDF/08.%20U.Diego-Ayala_HEVC08.pdf