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Ecosystem services: Practical applications for conservation and land use decision making

Joshua Farley Community Development and Applied Economics Gund Institute for Ecological Economics. Ecosystem services: Practical applications for conservation and land use decision making. Case Studies. Salmon protection in Pacific Northwest

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Ecosystem services: Practical applications for conservation and land use decision making

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  1. Joshua Farley Community Development and Applied Economics Gund Institute for Ecological Economics Ecosystem services: Practical applications for conservation and land use decision making

  2. Case Studies • Salmon protection in Pacific Northwest • Conversion of mangrove ecosystems to shrimp aquaculture in the Philippines • PES

  3. Case Study: Are Salmon Worth Protecting? • Habitat plan for the Green/Duwamish and Central Puget Sound Watershed • Earth Economics hired to prepare ecological economic assessment

  4. Identified and Valued Key ES Associated with Salmon Protection • Water regulation • Flood protection, natural stormwater management, drinking water production and filtration • waste absorption • reduction of pathogens and pollutants , nutrient regulation • storm protection, • biodiversity preservation, • increased production of fish, shellfish, and other food and raw materials • erosion control • aesthetic value and recreation • fishing, hunting, boating, hiking, bird watching • educational and scientific benefits.

  5. Results • Decision makers thought about problem in different way • Consensus on chapter: Ecological economics foundation for the Habitat Plan • Consensus that estuarine habitat for Salmon should be restored • Key argument was flood regulation

  6. Case Study: Conversion of Mangrove Ecosystems to Shrimp Aquaculture

  7. Shrimp Aquaculture • High short term profits, heavily promoted by economists, World Bank, Government • Shrimp and fish for 3-10 years • Carnivorous, net reduction in food production • Less protein than intact ecosystem

  8. Massive waste output • Irreversible(?) destruction of ecosystem

  9. Mangrove Ecosystems • Structure • raw materials, market goods • Building materials, charcoal, food • Function • Ecosystem services, non-market goods • Habitat, nursery • Storm protection • Waste absorption • Climate stabilization

  10. communicated results…

  11. …and influenced decision makers

  12. …and influenced decision makers

  13. Payment for Ecosystem Services • Costa Rica • Gas tax + external funding to pay for CO2 sequestration, watershed management, biodiversity, aesthetics/tourism value • NYC • Pay for land uses in Catskills that protect water quality • Workshop in Costa Rica resulting in proposals for Madagascar, Brazil, Mexico

  14. Vermont ES: Regulation • e.g. Water regulation, erosion control

  15. Provisioning Services • e.g. timber, food production

  16. Information Services • e.g. recreation, tourism

  17. Supporting Services • Habitat • Refugia • Without biodiversity, there are no other services

  18. The Real Economic Problem • How do we allocate finite ecosystem structure between: • Production of economic goods and services • Production of life sustaining ecosystem services • ES essential part of the equation, mostly ignored by market decisions

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