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Total surface area of earth  5.1  10 14 m 2 Land  25%  1.3  10 14 m 2  13,000 Mha

Total surface area of earth  5.1  10 14 m 2 Land  25%  1.3  10 14 m 2  13,000 Mha 11%  5,500 Mha (1 hm = 10 2 m; 1 ha = 1 hm 2 = 10 4 m 2 ). The Earth's Land Total Area: 13 Billion Hectares. a "Other land" includes barren and developed land.

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Total surface area of earth  5.1  10 14 m 2 Land  25%  1.3  10 14 m 2  13,000 Mha

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  1. Total surface area of earth  5.1  1014 m2 Land  25%  1.3  1014 m2  13,000 Mha 11%  5,500 Mha (1 hm = 102 m; 1 ha = 1 hm2 = 104 m2)

  2. The Earth's Land Total Area: 13 Billion Hectares a"Other land" includes barren and developed land. Source: Food and Agriculture Organization from Committee for the National Institute for the Environment http://www.cnie.org/pop/conserving/landuse2.htm

  3. (North America, western Europe, beginning ~1940s and 1950s)

  4. Chlordane Formula: C10H6Cl8 MW: 406 CAS#: 57-74-9 NIST#: 118984 Synonyms: 1. 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro- 2. 4,7-Methanoindan, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- 3. Belt 4. Chlor Kil 5. Chlordan 6. Chlorindan 7. Corodane 8. Cortilan-neu 9. CD 68 10. Dichlorochlordene 11. Dowchlor 12. ENT-9932 13. HCS 3260 14. Kypchlor 15. M 140 16. Octa-Klor 17. Octachlor 18. Octachloro-4,7-methanotetrahydroindane 19. Oktaterr 20. Ortho-Klor 21. Synklor 22. Tat Chlor 4 23. Toxichlor 24. Velsicol 1068 25. 1068 26. .gamma.-Chlordane 27. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindan 28. .gamma.-Chlordan 29. Chloordaan 30. Chlor kill 31. Chlorodane 32. Clordan

  5. 33. Ent-25,552-x 34. ENT-9,932 35. M 410 36. Niran 37. NCI-C00099 38. Octachloro-4,7-methanohydroindane 39. Octachlorodihydrodicyclopentadiene 40. Shell sd-5532 41. SD 5532 42. Topiclor 43. 1,2,4,5,6,7,10,10-Octachloro-4,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4,7-methyleneindane 44. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-endo-methano-indaan 45. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachlor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-endo-methano-indan 46. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan 47. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindene 48. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methylene indane 49. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane 50. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroindane 51. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Ottochloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetraidro-4,7-endo-metano-indano 52. Aspon-chlordane 53. Chlortox 54. Clordano 55. Kilex lindane 56. Latka 1068 57. NA 2762 58. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octahydro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan 59. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachlor-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindane 60. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene 61. OMS 1437 62. Rcra waste number U036 63. Starchlor 64. Unexan-koeder 65. Termi-ded 66. Topichlor 20 67. Topiclor 20 68. Steraskin 69. 1068 Steral 70. Intox

  6. Metabolic breakdown product, DDE:

  7. Bailey, Clark, Ferris, Krause and Strong, “Chemistry of the Environment,” second edition (San Diego: Academic Press) 2002. Widespread use of DDT led to a decrease in many species at the top of the food chain, especially birds of prey that feed mainly on fish. A correlation was observed between decreased number of young and concentration of DDT and degradation products in eggs that did not hatch; also between DDT/degradation product levels and broken and thinner-than-normal shells. The table above shows data for the brown pelican population of coastal southern California and northern Baja. A DDT manufacturing plant in Los Angeles had been releasing its effluent into the ocean. In 1970, the outlet was diverted to a landfill, after which the pelicans fared much better.

  8. Calculate

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