Mount Pinatubo and the Lithosphere (Geosphere)

1. Mount Pinatubo and the Lithosphere (Geosphere) Connecting Volcanic Eruptions to all Earth Spheres

2. Mount Pinatubo and Earth’s Spheres Project You will examine the event-to-sphere and sphere-to-sphere interactions in relation to the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. • They address concepts such as: volcanism, plate tectonics, subduction, global climate effects (temperature and aerosols), mud slides and risk mitigation. • Activities include: use of Google Earth, tracking ash plumes on a map, reading topographic maps, tree ring analysis, practice at reading qualitative data, and graph interpretation.

3. Mt. Pinatubo Eruption Create a DEJwith the focus questions and room for evidence FOCUS QUESTIONS EVIDENCE • Describe some of the phenomena that occur in the aftermath of a volcanic eruption. • What impacts do these phenomena have on humans? • How can the communities surrounding Mt. Pinatubo protect themselves from the effects of future eruptions?

4. Exit Slip What effects of a volcanic eruption on humans and the environment are a surprise to you? Explain your response.

5. Bell Ringer • Review your responses to the questions on your DEJ from the video on Friday. • Which questions are you still lacking evidence for? • Video of Mt. Pinatubo Eruption: Clark Air Base, Phillipines Part 2 • Video of Mt. Pinatubo Eruption: Clark Air Base, Phillipines Part 3

6. Video Reflection After watching the video, what affects of a volcanic eruption on humans and the environment are a surprise to you? Explain your answer using evidence from the video.

7. Background Reading • Open your email and download the file: • Mt. Pinatubo and the Lithosphere Student Guide • In pairs, read the Mt. Pinatubo and the Lithosphere Background reading, pages 1-2. • Take turns reading each paragraph. • Analyze the images on page 2. • Working together with your group • Answer the Review questions on separate paper from page 2.

8. Bell Ringer:EventSphere Interactions On the handout, read the directions from the page 3 side and complete the section titled EventSphere Interactions using evidence from the background reading (pages 1-2).

9. Before Reading • Discuss review questions, page 4 and page 6 • Page 4: • Do you agree with the idea that volcanoes should usually be considered constructive? Explain your thinking. • How are new landforms created? • Think for a minute. Why would people choose to live in an area of volcanic activity? • Page 6: • Where do volcanoes normally exist? • Think of an analogy for plate convergence. Explain it. Include an illustration that helps. • Which part of a boiled egg is the mantle? • Explain how volcanoes are linked to the carbon cycle.

10. During Reading • Paired Reading – • Student 1: page 4 • Student 2: pages 5 – 6 • Look for evidence in the passage that will help answer the review questions. • Make a note of which page and paragraph the evidence can be found in.

11. After Reading • Before answering questions, each student will share two important pieces of evidence with their partner from their assigned reading and show them where to find the evidence (page and paragraph number) • Working together, complete the review questions using complete sentences in your notebook. • Add additional evidence to the SphereSpheresection of the handout(page 3)

12. Bell Ringer • Find your assigned iPad. • (ask me if you forgot your number) • Open the file from yesterday (Mt. Pinatubo and the Lithosphere Student Guide) • (check Safari) • (ask me for help if it is not on your iPad) • You have 5 minutes to finish the review questions from yesterday (page 4 and page 6)

13. 7 minutes – working in groups • Add evidence from the readings and your review question responses to the SphereSpheresection of the handout • (page 3)

14. Activity: Mapping the Plates • Read the directions on the back (Earth side) of the handout with your group. • Use the image on page 5 as a guide • Trace the bold black boundary lines 1st • Mark the tectonic plate lines using three different colored highlighters or markers • convergence, • divergence, and • transformation.

15. Bell Ringer • Apply the following new terms to the different plate tectonic movements: • Divergent Plate Boundary • Convergent Plate Boundary • Transformation Plate Boundary OR

16. Google Earth Activity • Teacher models • Open the file: Volcanoes of the World ALL VOLCANOES from your email • Complete the four questions at the bottom of page 8 of the student guide on separate paper

17. Continue Google Earth Activity • Find your assigned iPad as you enter • Open the appropriate programs: • Volcanoes of the World ALL VOLCANOES • Mt. Pinatubo and the Lithosphere Student Guide • Complete the four questions at the bottom of page 8 of the student guide on separate paper

18. Mt. Pinatubo and the Lithosphere Quiz 1. Of the following Sphere  Sphere interactions, choose two interactions and provide a specific example for each using evidence from your readings. LITHOSPHERE → ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE  LITHOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE  BIOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE → HYDROSPHERE HYDROSPHERE → ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE → HYDROSPHERE 2. Provide evidence for whether you feel volcanoes are constructive or destructive. 3. Where do volcanoes normally exist? Be specific. 4. Explain the differences between the terms: convergent, divergent, and transformation.

19. In the search box, locate the five volcanoes below. Each of these volcanoes erupted cataclysmically within the last 200 years. The eruptions spewed so much material into the atmosphere that the entire globe was cooled by a degree or two for several years. • Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines • Tambora, Indonesia • Krakatoa, Indonesia • Mt. St. Helens, Washington • Mt. Katmai, Alaska

20. What scientific process caused this volcano to become to dangerous? Volcano • Mt. Pinatubo, Phillipines • Tambora, Indonesia • Krakatoa, Indonesia • Mt. St. Helens, Washington • Mt. Katmai, Alaska

21. Synthesizing Observations Use what you have learned to write one paragraph to a person less-knowledgeable than yourself. Explain what scientific processes caused these five volcanoes to become so dangerous. Refer to the previously read articles for specific evidence. NOTE: You may now want to your Event-to-Sphere and Sphere-to-Sphere worksheet.

22. Use what you have learned to write one paragraph to a person less-knowledgeable than yourself. Explain what scientific processes caused these five volcanoes to become so dangerous. There were five major volcanic eruptions that occurred within the past 200 years. These volcanic eruptions were caused by _________.

23. Bell Ringer What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

24. Qualitative Data Analysis For this activity, you will learn to make use of qualitative data to draw conclusions. Other than earthquakes or ash cloud heights, you want to answer the question: “How did the quality of everything around the volcano change as a result of the eruption?”

25. Use your observations to generate a logical and well-informed answer to the focus question.* Introduce the topicby restating the focus question* Provide specific evidence for above and below ground, before and after the eruption* Conclude your qualitative data analysis by answering the focus question “How did the quality of everything around the volcano change as a result of the eruption?”