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Protest & Stagnation: Western World 1965-1985

Explore the cultural revolution, political repression, economic recessions, and shifting powers in the Western world during the period of 1965-1985.

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Protest & Stagnation: Western World 1965-1985

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  1. Chapter 29 Protest and Stagnation: The Western World, 1965–1985

  2. p. 920

  3. A Culture of Protest • A Revolt in Sexual Mores • Youth Protest and Student Revolt • The Feminist Movement • Antiwar Protests

  4. p. 922

  5. p. 922

  6. p. 922

  7. Stagnation in the Soviet Union • Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982) • Brezhnev Doctrine – right to intervene if socialism threatened • Access to Western styles of dress, music, and art • Emphasis on heavy industry • Overall, industrial growth declined • Impact of central economic planning • Agricultural problems • Bad harvests in mid-1970s • Unwilling to tamper with the party leadership and state bureaucracy • Serious internal problems

  8. Chronology, p. 927

  9. Conformity in Eastern Europe • Poland • Edward Gierek, 1971, • Economic problems • Solidarity • Lech Walesa (b. 1943) • Hungary • Jano Kadar in power for more than 30 years • Moves slowly toward legalizing small private enterprises • Czechoslovakia • Communist government collapsed in 1989 • Vaclav Havel was in control of the government • Alexander Dubcek • Gustav Husa´k

  10. p. 927

  11. Repression in East Germany and Romania • East Germany • Walter Ulbricht • Erich Honecker • Stasi • Romania • Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena • Ruled Romania with an iron grip • Securitate

  12. Western Europe: The Winds of Change • Economic recessions, mid-1970’s and early 1980’s • Increase in the price of oil • Integration of economies –European Economic Community • Treaty on European Union • European Community became the European Union, 1994 • Euro, 2001

  13. Chronology, p. 931

  14. Germany Restored • Willy Brandt (1913-1992), 1969-1974 • Ostpolitik, “opening toward the east” • Treaty with East Germany, 1972 • Helmut Schmide (b. 1918) • Technocrat; concerned with economic conditions • Helmut Kohl (b. 1930) • Problems of union

  15. Great Britain: Thatcher then Blair • Thatcherism • Problems of Northern Ireland • Direct rule from London, 1972 • Conservatives gain political power, 1979 • Political changes of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (b. 1925) • Broke power of the labor unions • Austerity to control inflation • Hard line toward communism • Rebuilds the military • Falkland Islands

  16. p. 929

  17. Uncertainties in France and Italy • François Mitterrand (1916-1995) , 1981-1995 • Economic difficulties • Socialistic policies • Economic weaknesses of the 1990s • Confusion in Italy • Giulio Andreotti • Eurocommunism • 1970s, Italy had severe economic recession • Aldo Moro • Red Brigade

  18. The United States: Turmoil and Tranquility • Richard Nixon (1913-1994) elected in 1968 • Ends Vietnam war, 1973 • Watergate scandal • Resignation, August 9, 1974 • Jimmy Carter (b. 1924), 1976-1980 • Stagflation – high inflation and unemployment • Oil embargo, 1973 • 53 hostages held by Iran • Ronald Reagan (b. 1911), 1981-1989 • Reverses the welfare state • Military buildup • Supply-side economics

  19. p. 933

  20. p. 933

  21. War in Kosovo • War erupted in 1999 • Ethnic Albanians • Stripped of autonomous status in 1989 • Kosovo Liberation Army • US and NATO intervene • Milosevic refused to sign agreement and NATO resumes air strikes • Milosovic ousted from office in fall elections, 2000 • Brought to trial by an international tribunal for war crimes against humanity

  22. The Disintegration of Yugoslavia • Death of Tito in 1980 • League of Communists • In 1990 republics of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Macedonia worked toward a federal structure • Slbodan Milosevic rejects these efforts without new border arrangements to accommodate Serb minorities • Slovenia and Croatia declare independence • Yugoslavian army sent to attach Croatia • Army becoming more and more a Serbian Army • 1992 Serbs turn on Bosnia-Herzegovina • Ethnic cleansing • NATO strikes back

  23. Contemporary Canada • Pierre Trudeau (1919-2000), elected in 1968 • Brian Mulroney (b. 1939), elected in 1984 • Quebec • René Lévesque • Parti Québécois

  24. The Vietnam War • President Lyndon Johnson sends larger numbers of troops to Vietnam, 1965 • Domino theory • If the communists succeed in Vietnam, other nations inn Asia would fall to communism • President Richard Nixon (1913-1994) vows to bring an honorable end • Begins withdrawing troops • Peace treaty signed January 1973 calls for removal of all US troops

  25. p. 934

  26. p. 934

  27. China and the Cold War • Mao Zedong (1893-1976) • Victory in 1948 • Collectivization of all farmland and most industry and commerce nationalized, 1955 • Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976 • Red Guards • Nixon visited China and met with Mao Zedong in 1972

  28. p. 935

  29. Towards a New World Order • Détente • Antiballistic Missile Treaty, 1972 • Helsinki Agreements, 1975 • Human rights becomes an issue with President Carter • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979 • President Ronald Reagan’s “evil empire”

  30. Science and Technology • The New World of Science and Technology • Military-Industrial Complex • German rockets; jets • British work in computers • J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb • Computers • Dangers of Science • E.F. Schumacher (1911-1977), Small is Beautiful

  31. p. 938

  32. The Environment and the Green Movements • Problems in the environment • Chernobyl, 1986 • Green parties

  33. Postmodern Thought • Postmodernism • Structuralism • Ferdinand de Saussure • The signifier and the signified • Jacques Derrida • Poststructuralism, or deconstruction • Michel Foucault • The History of Sexuality

  34. Trends in Art, Literature and Music • Postmodern • Allen Kaprow • land art • Robert Venturi • Charles Moore • Piazzad’Italia • Postmodernism in literature • Gabriel Garcı´a Ma´ rquez • Milan Kundera • Music • Olivier Messiaen • Philip Glass

  35. p. 940

  36. Popular Culture: Image and Globalization • Popular music • Experimentation in rock and roll • Video music • MTV • Rap • Growth of Mass Sports • Olympic Games • Black September • Mandatory drug testing • Americanized Global Culture • Marshall McLuhan • Problems are global not just national

  37. p. 941

  38. Timeline, p. 945

  39. Discussion Questions • Examine the policies of Brezhnev. Are they old guard communist or a transition between the old Soviet regime and the more modern Soviet state to come? • How did Margaret Thatcher shape the position of Great Britain in power structure of world politics • What is détente? How did the policies of Nixon influence relations between the West and the communist world? • In what ways did President Jimmy Carter demonstrate weakness in international issues?

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