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Cosmic Explosions

Creating the elements of life. Cosmic Explosions. Avishay Gal-Yam Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics Weizmann Institute of Science. From Primordial Gas Clouds to Planets. Rocky planets. Second generation stars. The big bang. E lement formation. First generation stars.

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Cosmic Explosions

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  1. Creating the elements of life Cosmic Explosions Avishay Gal-Yam Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics Weizmann Institute of Science

  2. From Primordial Gas Clouds to Planets Rocky planets Second generation stars The big bang Element formation First generation stars

  3. Origin of the elements

  4. N P P P N P P N N N P P N P N N N P P N P P P N N P P N N Hydrogen Nuclear fusion Carbon Helium

  5. Origin of the elements

  6. Cosmic element factories

  7. The first explosions(Gal-Yam et al. 2009, Nature, 462, 624) • We have recently discovered the first example of a pair-instability supernova • Theoretical prediction from 1967 (Shaviv, Rakavy, Barkat) • The explosion of the most massive stars (over 150 solar) • The first cosmic element factories

  8. Making Calcium (and titanium) C/O He Calcium Perets et al. 2010 (Nature, 465, 322)

  9. The curious case of SN 2005E(Perets, Gal-Yam and collaborators, Nature 2010) Kasliwal, Yaron

  10. The origin of titanium(Perets et al. 2010, Nature) • Measured elemental abundances in stars show a systematic titanium excess • The models are based only on element yields from known supernova types • The new type of explosion we discovered may well explain most of the titanium in nature (and also some of the calcium) model → more iron

  11. What about calcium →מגנזיום →טיטניום מודל →כמות הברזל בכוכב De Plaa et al. 2012

  12. Conclusions • Cosmic explosions explain the origin of the elements, including the building blocks of life • This is not a solved problem! • New studies illuminate the history of element formation (starting shortly after the big bang) as well as origin of specific elements

  13. An era of discoveries…Thanks!

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