Rosids Part 3: Eurosids I Fagales; Myrtales

1. Rosids � Part 3:Eurosids I � Fagales; Myrtales

3. Core Eudicots: The Rosids Lecture 3 �Basal� Rosids: Order Vitales Eurosids I (Fabids): Order Malpighiales Order Cucurbitales Order Fabales Order Rosales Order Fagales Fagaceae � Beeches, oaks Betulaceae � Birches Juglandaceae � Walnuts Order Myrtales Onagraceae � Evening primroses Myrtaceae � Eucalypts, myrtles Eurosids II (Malvids)

4. Eurosids I:Fagales: Fagaceae(The Oak and Beech Family) Widespread, in tropical to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere Trees and shrubs Diversity: 700 species in 8 genera Flowers: Unisexual; Tepals usually 6 and reduced, inconspicuous; stamens 4-many; carpels 3 (-12), connate, inferior ovary; fruit a nut, associated with a spiny or scaly cupule Significant features: Male inflorescences in dangling catkins; female inflorescences in sessile clusters Special uses: edible nuts (chestnuts), lumber, tannin, cork; ornamental trees Required taxa: Quercus, *Fagus

5. Fagaceae: Quercus Bark pale to dark but scaly or furrowed Buds clustered at twig tips, ovate Leaves lobed or unlobed Male flowers in drooping catkins Cupule saucer-like or cup-shaped Nut circular in cross-section

6. Fagaceae: Fagus Bark light gray, smooth Buds solitary at twig tips, slender and acute Leaves unlobed, strongly straight-veined Male flowers in a rounded head Cupule with 4 valves Nut compressed or triangular

7. Eurosids I:Fagales: Betulaceae(The Birch Family) Widespread, in temperate to boreal regions, primarily of the northern hemisphere Trees or shrubs; leaves doubly serrate Diversity: 110 species in 6 genera Flowers: Unisexual; tepals (0-) 1-4 (-6), highly reduced; stamens 1-4; carpels 2, connate, inferior ovary; fruit an achene, nut or 2-winged samara Significant features: Flowers in erect (female) or pendant (male) catkins (aments); staminate and carpellate flowers in separate inflorescences Special uses: hazel nuts edible; lumber, shade trees, ornamentals Required taxa: Betula

8. Betulaceae: Betula Outer bark often separating in thin sheets Carpellate and staminate flowers both in bracteate catkins Carpellate catkins ovoid to cylindrical, with 2-3 flowers per bract and the bracts papery Staminate flowers 3 per bract; stamens 2, bifid

9. Eurosids I:Fagales: Juglandaceae(The Walnut and Hickory Family) Widespread from tropical to temperate regions Aromatic trees; leaves pinnately compound, usually alternate and spiral Diversity: 59 species in 8 genera Flowers: Unisexual, associated with bracts; tepals 0-4, inconspicuous; stamens 3-many; carpels usually 2, connate, ovary inferior; fruit a nut or nutlet Significant features: Fruit often associated with bracts or bracteoles that form an outer �husk� Special uses: fruits of hickories (Carya) and walnuts (Juglans) are eaten; walnut and hickory are valued for their lumber; some ornamentals Required taxa: Juglans, Carya

10. Juglandaceae: Juglans Twigs with chambered pith Leaflets all about the same or the median ones largest Staminate catkins sessile, solitary Nut with an indehiscent, usually rough or furrowed husk

11. Juglandaceae: Carya Twigs with solid pith Apical leaflets largest Staminate catkins sessile or pedunculate, in clusters Nut with a dehiscent or partially dehiscent, often smooth husk

12. Eurosids I:Myrtales: Onagraceae(The Evening Primrose Family) Widely distributed, primarily in western North America and South America Mostly herbs, some shrubs, trees Diversity: 655 species in 18 genera Flowers: Showy; sepals & petals (2-) 4 (-7); stamens (4) 8, not incurved in bud, pollen with viscin threads; carpels usually 4; ovary inferior; long hypanthium; cruciform stigmas; fruit is a loculicidal capsule or berry Significant features: Tetramerous flowers!! Special uses: Several ornamental herbs Required taxa: Oenothera

13. Onagraceae: Oenothera Herbaceous Leaves usually alternate Hypanthium prolonged beyond the ovary Corolla usually yellow (can be white or pink) Fruit a loculicidal capsule with many seeds or nut-like, indehiscent and few-seeded Seeds naked

14. Eurosids I:Myrtales: Myrtaceae(The Eucalyptus or Myrtle Family) Pantropical; highly diverse in warm temperate Australia Trees or shrubs often with flaky bark Diversity: 4,630 species in 144 genera Flowers: Hypanthium well developed; sepals and petals 4-5; stamens usually numerous; carpels 2-5, connate; ovary inferior to half-inferior; fruit usually a 1-many seeded berry or loculicidal capsule Significant features: Highly aromatic leaves & stems due to many terpenoid and resinous compounds; leaves entire with scattered pellucid dots containing these compounds Special uses: Eucalyptus important source of timber; many used as ornamentals; cloves (Syzygium aromaticum); guava (Psidium guajava) Required taxa: Eucalyptus

15. Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus Foliage dimorphic (juvenile leaves are rounded & stem-clasping; adult leaves are longer, willowy, and petioled) Flower buds covered by an operculum (fused sepals or petals or both) that falls off at anthesis Fruit a conical capsule (gumnut) Primarily Australian; ca. 800 species, some cultivated in the U.S.