INTEGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC SYSTEMS AT THE REGIONAL DIMENSION Working Group

INTEGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC SYSTEMS AT THE REGIONAL DIMENSION Working Group Fortaleza, Nov 2003

I. SAN FRANCISCO -> FORTALEZA

Regional CO2= habitat (K * ΔpCO2 * km2) Regional CH4= habitat (K * ΔCH4 * km2 + Ebullition + Stems) 7 CO2, CH4(atm) 6 OUTGASSING 4 4 1 POC Soil Accumulation 3 1 2 TOC Fluvial Transport & Rxn 5 DOC, pCO2,CH4 2 KEY SYNTHESIS ISSUES Fortaleza “Integration of Terrestrial & Aquatic…” “To what extent (and how) do fluvial systems influence the net carbon balance of the Amazon, with variability in climatic and anthropogenic forcing?” (i.e. what are the fluvial systems pathways of atmospheric CO2?) What is the “coupling” of water, carbon and nutrients between terrestrial and aquatic systems, across multiple scales? San Francisco “Wetlands Carbon” - What is the flux of CO2 and CH4 from wetlands? - Are wetlands in the Amazon a net source or sink of C? - What are the actual sources & time scales of the outgassed C? - How can atmosphere <->surface connections be observed (top down/bottom up)? (Ra, etc) (aircraft, BL, modeling,RS of surface) - Soil C dynamics <-> exportable soil water (including riparian transition) Greater coordination between field measurement campaigns & field with the modeling

TASKS & TIMELINES (San Francisco) INFORMATION RS&Hydro MEASUREMENTS [ Q] Expt’s SYNTHESIS (MODELS) Jan ‘03 Build common Info & coord SDATAC I Jun ‘03 Outgassing 1 Databases Cangucu Jan ‘04 Outgassing 2 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05 THE ANSWER

Fortaleza San Francisco Mostly Individual S.F. Update 1) Derive a uniform “physical template,” at scales relevant to (regional) fluvial processes: 2) Distribution of water across landscape (note: not done elsewhere) (relevant to a set of clients) 3) Sources and transport of key chem species (C, N) from uplands to streams (flowpath dependent, capture in models) 4) In stream net routing (advection and reaction) down networks 5) Fluvial/atmosphere exchange (water to air) 6) “Broader” use of fluvial system dynamics to constrain terrestrial processes (?) 1 PPr Sources to OM Pool CD-x,ND-y “Full measurement set of distributions & their tracers Seasonally-varying areal extent of full stream orders Seasonally-varying flow paths of full stream orders Simultaneous atmosphere- efflux measurements Convergence of various XX-yy efforts (maps, actions, check missing) Cross calibration of isotopes Comparison of methods 2 DOC & pCO2(CH4) export in GW 3 POC export (sediments, litter) REGIONAL INTEGRATION 4 Macrophytes 5 Stream transport & reaction 6 Outgassing rates 7 Atm CO2 <-> outgassing 1 Area (habitat, order) 2 Water flow properties INFORMATION INFORMATION Jan ‘03 Build common Info & coord Jun ‘03 Databases Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05

Fortaleza * More watersheds * Rede Beija Rio R&D -> Bananal MEASUREMENTS MEASUREMENTS [ Q] Expt’s Jan ‘03 SDATAC I Jun ‘03 Outgassing 1 Cangucu Jan ‘04 Outgassing 2 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05

Fortaleza RS: “Considerable:” (1) Optical (2) Radar (3) SRTM Hydrology: (1) Greater access to ANA, (2) some @ small watersheds (3) talk but not followup with SIPAM REMOTE SENSING & HYDROLOGY RS&Hydro Jan ‘03 Jun ‘03 Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05

Fortaleza Modeling: “Progress” Basin-scale: IBIS/HYDRA, VIC, CASA Small Watershed -> “Mesoscale” (CSP “Nested”): preliminary DHSVM Micro/Hillslope: Manaus, Rondonia, Paragominas, ? SYNTHESIS (Models) SYNTHESIS (MODELS) Jan ‘03 Jun ‘03 Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05

FORTALEZA -> • We envision 6 Activities, elaborating on • Field efforts • Data synthesis & Modeling

Activity 1. Rede Beija-Rio Belem MAO Pach RB Ji-P *Brasilia Cuiaba Cooperative Field Efforts- * * * Coordination of data collection field activities & calibrations * Coordination across sites, campaigns

Cooperative Field Efforts- * * • * Coordination of data collection field activities & calibrations • * Coordination across sites, campaigns • Activity 2. Participate in campaigns • BARCA • Ad hoc (helicopter, BL accumulation) • ……

Data Synthesis & Modeling • Activity 3. Evaluate production of “common synthetic & model driver datasets” • Derive a uniform “physical template,” at scales relevant to (regional) fluvial processes: soils, river networks • (2) Rapid updated spatial data synthesis and analysis (veg, water extent) -> • (3) Surface climatology drivers, especially for small watersheds -> Mesoscale • Responsible: Need “help” especially climatology

Data Synthesis & Modeling Activity 4. Data synthesis at the small watershed scale across land use types (carbon and nutrients) Synthesis of data -> processes involved on areas that are data rich (hillslope and small-scale streams): Paragominas, ZF2, Faz Nova Vida, Juruena (Chris, Eric, Linda, Ricardo, Mercedes, Johannes, Marc Kramer, Jeff, Marisol, A. Nobre, Hodnett, Waterloo, Mark,…) -> “Papers,” Session in Brasilia

Data Synthesis & Modeling • Activity 5. Small Watersheds to Mesoscale • Evaluate & implement (selectively?) • Potential: ZF2/Cuieras, Faz Nova Vida, lower Tapajos, Juruena, AF/Cristilinho, Paragominas,….. • “DHSVM” category w/ C & nutrient processes • Downscale basin-scale models Activity 6. Large-scale comparative modeling studies • Physical hydrology (discharge, flooded area) – • Carbon & nutrients RONI: can an inversion of surface-based hydro/energy balance models (constrained by measured flow) help constrain ET problem?

INTEGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC SYSTEMS AT THE REGIONAL DIMENSION INFORMATION RS&Hydro MEASUREMENTS [ Q] Expt’s SYNTHESIS (MODELS) Jan ‘03 Jun ‘03 Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05 THE ANSWER

INTEGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC SYSTEMS AT THE REGIONAL DIMENSION Working Group