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Sex, Gender, and Culture

Sex, Gender, and Culture. Learning Objectives. Distinguish between developed and developing nations. Describe the different developmental approaches and how they have influenced women. Identify reasons for women’s migration.

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Sex, Gender, and Culture

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  1. Sex, Gender, and Culture

  2. Learning Objectives • Distinguish between developed and developing nations. • Describe the different developmental approaches and how they have influenced women. • Identify reasons for women’s migration. • Demonstrate an understanding of the assigned readings by critically analyzing the main arguments.

  3. What is Development? • Development is the process of becoming “modernized” and “globalized” • Designation of a country as developed, developing, or underdeveloped (along with other terms) depends on which organization (WTO, UN, IMF) is categorizing them. Terms from the UN Development Program webpage

  4. Development Terminology Often Economic Basis for designation: • Developing nation – non-industrialized nation • Note: may also be called ‘third world’ • Developed nation – industrialized and market based

  5. Feminism and Development • Invisibility of women in economic development policies • Criticisms of traditional programs • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • Ex: ____________________ African woman signs for credit Miller, 2010, Cultural Anthropology in a Globalizing World

  6. Welfare Approach to Development • Targets women as mothers • Encourages Western _____________ • Ex: _____________________________ Vs.

  7. Women in Development Approach • Top-down approach • Women not consulted, empowered • Types of WID projects • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • Ex: _______________________ Jaquette & Staudt, 2006, Women, Gender, and Development

  8. Gender and Development Approach • Bottom-up approach • Difficult to implement • Gender mainstreaming • Ex: ______________

  9. ‘Washing Machines Make Lazy Women’ • How do washing machines connect to gender identity? • How has the washing machine become a symbol to reinforce gender roles? • Material culture and gender: Where you surprised by this connection? Housing in Soweto, South Africa

  10. Women and Migration: Feminization of Migration • Problems faced by migrant women are compounded by their being both women and migrants • Can you think of some unique problems faced by women?

  11. Migration and Women: Gulf States • Female migrants workers continue to increase in % within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) • Since 1995, ________________________________________ • Saudi Arabia: ____________________________________ ___________________________________(Chammartin, 2005, para. 6)

  12. Migration and Women – Somali • Since early 1990s, women have fled ___________ • Many remain in ______________in other African countries • USA (OH, MN), Canada, Europe, Australia • Differences between _________________________ • Influence of ___________________________ • Opportunities in other countries_________ __________________________________(Gundel, 2002)

  13. Assigned Reading • What is meant by colonial feminism? • What is the American perception of the burqa and how does that differ from the way women who wear the garment perceive its meaning? • How do the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism relate to Abu-Lughod's argument?

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