High-Power Microwave Applications RADAR

1. High-Power Microwave ApplicationsRADAR TMD Technologies Limited

2. Introduction of TMD EMI Electronics Microwave Tube Research Division Varian (CPI) JV Thorn EMI Electronics TMD Technologies 1940s 1969 1989 1995 World leading manufacturer of microwave tubes, high voltage power supplies, and transmitters for Radar, EW, Communications, EMC RF testing, and other applications. 1940’s developed high power klystrons, for use in the first airborne radars used during the second world war. 1980’s commenced development of switched mode power supplies and transmitters for radar & EW applications. In 1995 became wholly owned, fully independent private UK company through a Management Buy Out

3. Products Radar & EW Transmitters Microwave Power Modules Microwave Tubes Cathodes & Electron Guns H V Power Supplies Instrumentation Amplifiers Training Support System Upgrades

4. Radars • Surveillance • Guidance/Fire Control • SAR Imaging • Air Traffic Control • Airborne Intercept

5. TMD Solution *Combination of no-oil solid-potted transformer and high inverter frequency leads to low noise figure **Lower noise combined with higher sensitivity receiver provides increased range and improved target detection Hybrid Transmitter with Solid State Power Conditioning* and MVE (Microwave Vacuum Electronics) power amplification. High-performance digital receiver** (Partner Supplied)

6. S Band Hybrid Transmitter Fully Modern Hybrid Transmitter System. High Efficiency, High Reliability, and Low Cost of Ownership System to meet the challenge of today’s ATC demands. Integrated Electronic Control System providing Interlock, Diagnostic, and Protective Functions. High Reliability MVE Travelling Wave Amplifier (Air Cooled) All High Voltage Modules are Solid Dielectric Potted for High Reliability, and require only air cooling within the cabinet. Advanced Solid state Power Conditioning and Modulator.

7. Radar Technology Debate Modernity Reliability Cost of Ownership

8. Radar Technology Debate Modernity 1940 Randall & Boot Invent the Cavity magnetron 1937 Varian Brothers Produce the first Operating Klystron EMI Electronics Microwave Tube Research Division Varian (CPI) JV Thorn EMI Electronics TMD Technologies 1940s 1969 1989 1995 1947 Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley demonstrated the first transistor 1943 Kompfner demonstrates the first TWT

9. Radar Technology Debate Modernity Fact: The Klystron, Cavity magnetron, Traveling Wave Tube and Transistor were all invented within ten years of one another, and have seen intensive and continuous development ever since.

10. Radar Technology Debate Modernity • Modern Klystrons provide the backbone of today’s TV and Radio Broadcast networks all around the globe, they power the major scientific accelerators that explore the heart of matter, and though diminishing in use in commercial radars, Klystrons continue to find application where the highest levels of radiated power are sought. Recently Klystron systems have been used to convert hydrocarbon waste materials into natural gas and diesel fuel.

11. Radar Technology Debate Modernity • Modern Cavity Magnetrons serve in kitchens around the world as the highly efficient and reliable microwave sources at the heart of domestic microwave ovens. They will also still be found in those marine and airborne commercial radar equipments where size and weight (as well as efficiency) remain at a premium.

12. Radar Technology Debate Modernity • The TWT (or MVE Traveling Wave Amplifier) has proven the most adaptable of the original concepts. Modern TWTs populate the world’s satellite communications networks, including DBS, and are at the heart of practically every state-of-the-art military Radar, EW, and Complex Weapon System in service today. The performance capability of this technology, in terms of pulse fidelity, reliability, and durability, make it a natural choice in the ATC arena. Cutaway view of a TWT. (1) Electron gun; (2) RF input; (3) Magnets; (4) Attenuator; (5) Helix coil; (6) RF output; (7) Vacuum tube; (8) Collector

13. Radar Technology Debate Modernity • Transistor development has carried solid state technology through large scale integration into the microprocessor age, which has transformed DSP and radar receiver designs. Modern high-performance transistors and rectifiers, are fully exploited using proprietary technology at TMD to deliver state-of-the-art power supply performance, hand in hand with high efficiency and reliability. TMD’s high voltage supplies match exactly the demands of the Company’s MVE Traveling Wave Amplifiers making for the perfect ‘Hybrid’ transmitter.

14. Radar Technology Debate Reliability Comparison Between SS and MVE The key problem of Solid State Transistors applied to High Power Microwave Electronic centers around the control of the active Junction temperature. Typically, to keep the active region temperature of a microwave power transistor at acceptably low levels, the collector base-plate must be kept at or below 30°C, due to internal thermal resistance. At any higher temperature, the performance characteristics of the device must be severely de-rated. The power derating curve (right) is taken from a high power transistor manufacturers data sheet.

15. Radar Technology Debate Reliability Illustrating Comparative Efficiencies Incandescent Electric Light Bulb - 5 % Energy Saver Electric Light Bulb - 25 % Fully Solid-State S-Band Radar Transmitter - 17 % Hybrid Solid-State / MVE S-Band Radar Transmitter - >30 % * * If all the world’s S-band domestic microwave ovens had to rely on solid state delivering this level of efficiency, there would be another four power stations needed just to support them, pumping out tens of millions of tons of CO2 annually!

16. Radar Technology Debate Conclusions • TMD’s Hybrid Solid-State / VME Traveling Wave Amplifier Transmitter provides a Modern, High Reliability solution to the ATC market-place, with lower Cost of Ownership than any other option available. • Fully Solid State Technology used in the Power Supplies and Modulator Electronics ensure that the transmitter operates with low added noise, so that modern receiver technology can deliver major performance enhancements over earlier generation radar equipment. • High efficiency is delivered not just for its own sake, but to enable high reliability, while keeping cooling arrangements simple, this itself a boon to reliability and longevity.

17. The Better Solution…