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Understanding Matter: Elements, Compounds, and States of Matter

This lesson covers the composition of matter, the difference between elements and compounds, and the three states of matter. It also explores physical and chemical properties and changes, as well as mixtures and pure substances. Students will create thinking maps and paragraphs to enhance their understanding.

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Understanding Matter: Elements, Compounds, and States of Matter

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  1. Objectives • To learn about the composition of matter • To learn the difference between elements and compounds • To define the three states of matter

  2. A. The Particulate Nature of Matter • Matter has mass and occupies space. • It is composed of tiny particles called atoms.

  3. B. Elements and Compounds Elements • Elements contain only one type of atom – elemental copper contains only copper atoms and elemental gold contains only gold atoms.

  4. B. Elements and Compounds Compounds • Compounds are substances that contain two or more different types of atoms.

  5. Double bubble Thinking Map • Create a thinking map comparing elements and compounds. Feel free to use your phones to discover similarities and differences. You have 10 minutes to complete the map. • Compare your thinking map to a couple of people around you. Add to your map if you wish. • Use your thinking map to write a paragraph comparing elements and compounds. • Due tomorrow at beginning of the period.

  6. C. The States of Matter • Matter exists in three states: • Solid: a rigid substance with a definite shape • Liquid: has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container • Gas: takes the shape and volume of its container

  7. Circle thinking map • The circle thinking map allows you to define a single topic in as much detail as you wish. • Create 3 circle maps listing everything you know or can find out about solids, liquids, and gases. Brainstorm with your lab group. Each produces their own thinking map. • Write 3 paragraphs about everything you know about solids, liquids, and gases. MUST be complete sentences with some variety such as compound sentences. Due tomorrow at the beginning of the period.

  8. Objectives • To learn to distinguish between physical and chemical properties • To learn to distinguish between physical and chemical changes

  9. A. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes • Matter has both physical and chemical properties. • Chemical properties describe a substance’s ability to change to a different substance. • Chemical properties are flammability, reactivity, acid or base nature. • Physical properties are the characteristics of a substance that do not involve changing to another substance. • Physical properties are shape, color, hardness, density.

  10. A. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes • Matter undergoes physical and chemical changes. • A physical change involves a change in one or more physical properties but no change in composition. • Examples are tearing paper, crushing salt, dissolving salt in water

  11. A. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes • Matter undergoes physical and chemical changes. • A chemical change transforms a substance into one or more new substances. • Examples are burning, frying an egg, rusting

  12. Objectives • To learn to distinguish between mixtures and pure substances • To learn two methods of separating mixtures

  13. A. Mixtures and Pure Substances • Matter can be classified as a mixture or a pure substance.

  14. A. Mixtures and Pure Substances Mixtures • A mixture has variable composition • A homogeneous mixture has the same properties throughout. • A heterogeneous mixture has different properties in different parts of the mixture.

  15. Water is a compound. All the components are the same—H2O molecules. A. Mixtures and Pure Substances Pure Substances • A pure substance always has the same composition. • Pure substances are of two types: • Elements which cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances • Compounds which can be chemically broken down into elements

  16. B. Separation of Mixtures Mixtures can be separated into pure substances by various means. • distillation

  17. B. Separation of Mixtures Mixtures can be separated into pure substances by various means. • filtration

  18. Summary: The Organization of Matter

  19. Separating matter • Answer these questions. • 1. How would you separate the salt and water in a salt water mixture? • 2. How would you separate a mixture of marbles and sand? • 3. How would you separate iron filings from a container of sand? • 4. How would you separate Styrofoam packing peanuts from a box full of glass marbles?

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