Multiple Use Management for Watershed Conservation

1. Chapter 6 Watershed Management in Multiple Use Concept

2. 6.1 Introduction • Multiple use is a guiding principle for natural resource management. • Most people accept the concept of multiple use but it is not easy to implement actual multiple use programs. • The problem for watershed management is people need use resources for production, such as food, fiber, fuel, and fodder by agricultural activities land degradation is always occurred with agriculture. Watershed management-- 15

3. 6.1 Introduction • Problem: Products agriculture land degradation • Solution: agriculture protection products Watershed management-- 15

4. 6.2 Objective of multiple use management • The objective of multiple use management is to manage the natural resources mixture for the most beneficial combination present and future use • Society is more interested in “conserving” for future generations. • Private investor is more interested in short-term profit. Watershed management-- 15

5. 6.3 Type of multiple use management The two fundamental types of multiple use management are resource oriented and area oriented • Resource-oriented multiple use management refers to the alternative use of one or more natural resources For example, Water Irrigation Municipal & industrial Recreation Watershed management-- 15

6. 6.3 Type of multiple use management The two fundamental types of multiple use management are resource oriented and area oriented • Area-oriented multiple use management refers to the production of a mix of products and amenities from a given land area For example, Land Industry Agriculture Watershed management-- 15

7. 6.3 Type of multiple use management The relationships of several natural resource products to one another can be Complementary - products increase together Supplementary - products no influence each other Competitive - one sacrificed to anther Watershed management-- 15

8. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use 1. Land management considerations: • on-site measurements of the yields of natural and agricultural resource products for the alternative multiple use. management systems under consideration • Knowledge of the benefits and costs associated with each alternative. Watershed management-- 15

9. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use • Recognition of the externalities, the off site impacts that are related to each alternative; (e.g the effects on downstream water quality or Streamflow quality) Watershed management-- 15

10. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use (1) Estimates of natural and agricultural resource production: Product list Framework of a hypothetical product mix for alternative multiple use management system on a watershed Watershed management-- 15

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14. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use (2) Cost: the collection of “gross job time” cost data, in terms of physical input-output variables characterizing the management system and land area, frequently are prescribed. Watershed management-- 15

15. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use • Input collected can include labor time, equipment time, direct supervision time, and material cost. • Output specify total production as units harvested, planted, etc. • Cost then are determined by multiplying inputs by current wage rates, machine time, and material costs. Watershed management-- 15

16. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use (3) Externalities Externalities are the effects of decisions made by one party on the gains or losses of other parties. Watershed management-- 15

17. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use (4) Economic evaluations Watershed management-- 15

18. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use • Technical changes in production function • Efficiencies of a system. • Serial technical externalities: trigger a chain reaction in a one-way direction • Reciprocal technical externalities: are presented by a complex web of spatial and temporal effects and interactions Watershed management-- 15

19. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use 2. Policy formulations and institutional conflicts: • Who will pay for the implementation? • Who will do the work? • Who will get the benefits? Watershed management-- 15

20. 6.4 Integrating watershed management and multiple use 3. Agroforestry and multiple use: Agroforestry is a system of land use where woody perennials are gown on the same land unit as agricultural crops or animals, either sequentially or simultaneously. Watershed management-- 15