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Chapter Nineteen – Friction Ridge Examinations

Chapter Nineteen – Friction Ridge Examinations. FRSC 7104 Criminalistics I Professor Bensley. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Objectives. After studying this chapter, the student should be able to:  Describe the history of fingerprinting and its function in the United States

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Chapter Nineteen – Friction Ridge Examinations

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  1. Chapter Nineteen – Friction Ridge Examinations FRSC 7104 Criminalistics I Professor Bensley

  2. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to:  Describe the history of fingerprinting and its function in the United States  Understand what friction ridges are and how the friction ridge patterns can be visualized  Recognize how fingerprints are collected, preserved for analysis, and used as an identification tool  Relate the longevity of friction ridge prints and the usefulness of elimination prints

  3. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Outline • Introduction Black = Ridges White = Valleys

  4. What are Friction Ridges?

  5. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Outline • History of Fingerprinting Criminal identification first done by a system of body measurements called anthropometry(Bertillonage)

  6. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Outline • Fundamental Principles of Fingerprints • FP remains unchanged during a lifetime

  7. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Outline • FP have general ridge patterns allowing them to be systematically classified Loop Whorl Arch

  8. Loops • Red – Core • Blue – Delta • Radial Loop – loop enters and exits on side toward thumb • Ulnar Loop – loop enters and exits on side toward little finger

  9. Plain Whorl • Imaginary line between 2 deltas touches at least one of the ridges of inner circle

  10. Central Pocket Loop Whorl • Imaginary line between deltas does not touch any part of inner circle ridges

  11. Double Loop Whorl • 2 separate and distinct loop formations with 2 separate and distinct shoulders and 2 deltas

  12. Accidental Whorl • 2 or more different patterns • Conforms to no other definitions

  13. Plain Arch • Simplest pattern • No delta • Ridges rise smoothly in center

  14. Tented Arch • No delta • Sharp upthrust in center • Ridges meet at angle less than 90°

  15. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Outline • FP is an individual characteristic (Minutiae) a – Ridge Ending e - Ridge b - Bifurcation f - Spur c – Island or Lake g - Crossover d – Dot or ridge

  16. Comparison of Minutiae How many points are compared? What are Level 1, 2, and 3 details?

  17. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Outline • Fingerprint Classification Systems • Original Henry System Supplemental Reading on Henry Classification System • Current Biometric Systems • Newer AFIS approaches

  18. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Outline • Methods of Detecting Fingerprints • Three types of fingerprints • Locating latent prints • RUVIS • Powders • Regular • Luminescent • Metallic • Thermoplastic

  19. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Outline • Chemical Visualization Methods • Iodine Fuming • Ninhydrin (Triketohydrindenetartrate) • Physical Developer • Super Glue Fuming (Cyanoacrylate) • Fluorescence • ALS • Vacuum Metal Deposition • New improvements and studies

  20. Iodine Fuming Chamber Iodine Fuming Dirty Brown Color

  21. Ninhydrin

  22. Physical Developer

  23. Cyanoacrylate (Super Glue) Fuming

  24. Argon Laser Fluorescent Fingerprint

  25. Ninhydrin (L) with Zinc Chloride (R)

  26. Rhodamine 6G Fluorescent Dye Inside of a latex glove fumed with cyanoacrylate and stained with Rhodamine 6G

  27. DFO Fingerprint Development Fingerprint cut in half and treated with DFO (left side) and ninhydrin (right side) As seen at left, but viewed under green light, through a red filter.

  28. 1,2-Indanedione Fingerprint Development Fingerprint cut in half and treated with DFO (left side) and 1,2-IND (right side). Viewed under green light, through a dark orange filter

  29. FRSC 7104 - Chapter 19 Outline • Preservation of Developed Prints Chapter Summary: Friction ridge examination is the preeminent method of individualization in forensic science

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