Present tense Notes

1. Apuntas de repasoExplanation and conjugations of Present Tense verbsFecha: Hoy esmartes 21 de agosto del 2012

2. Present tense Notes • Present tense A verb is a word that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. All Spanish verbs belong to one of three categories, according to the infinitive, -ar, -er, or –ir verbs. How to form regular verbs: 1: drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) 2: add the appropriate present tense endings to match the subject. -ar verb endings -er endings -ir endings o amos o emos o imos as áis es éis es ís a an e en e en

3. How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs; Yobailotodos los días Yo is the subject pronoun bailo is the conjugated verb Todos los díasis the rest of the sentence Bailar is the infinitive of the conjugated verb bailo.

4. How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs; Yobailotodos los días Yo is the subject pronoun bailo is the conjugated verb Todos los díasis the rest of the sentence Bailar is the infinitive of the conjugated verb bailo.

5. Continuation of notes When to use it • The present tense forms of Spanish verbs express both the English present tense (I walk)Yohabloand the English present progressive (I am walking) Yoestoyhablando. • Spanish Present tense forms also include the auxiliary verb do/does that English uses in questions and negative sentences. Do/does are not expressed in Spanish before another verb

6. Continuation of notes • Indicates: A) an action or state of being at the present time. Examples: 1. Habloespañol • I speak Spanish, I am speaking Spanish, I do speak Spanish 2. Creoen Dios • I believe in God

7. Continuation of notes B) Habitual action Example: Voya la bibliotecatodos los días I goto the library every day I do go to the library every day. C). A general truth, something which is permanently true Examples : 1) Seismenos dos soncuatro. Six minus two are four 2) El ejerciciohace maestro al novicio. Practice makes perfect.

8. Continuation of notes D) Vividness when talking about past events. Example: El asesinose pone pálido. Tienemiedo. Sale de la casa y correa lo largo del río. The murderer turns pale. He is afraid. He goes out of the house and runsalong the river. e) A near future. Examples: 1. Mi hermanollegamañana. My brother arrives tomorrow. 2. ¿Escuchamosun disco ahora? Shall we listen to a record now?

9. Continuation of notes • Types of irregular verbs • -oyverbs - These verbs are irregular in the yo form (and possibly other forms). The yo form ends in “oy” • Examples: ser, ir, dar, estar(best to just memorize these verbs and their forms) • Stem changers (aka shoe verbs) – • These verbs have a change in the stem (what’s left after removing the –ar, -er, or –ir) • There are 4 types: • e-ie (tener, querer, comenzar, etc.) • e-I (decir, pedir,seguir etc.) • o-ue (dormir, poder, etc.) • u-ue (jugar) Steps to form them: 1: Chopsuey 2: Switch-a-roonie 3: schmoosh

10. Continuation of notes • “-go” verbs – These verbs are irregular in the yo form (and possibly other forms). The yoform ends in “go” • Examples: poner, salir, hacer, traer, venir, decir, oír, seguir • Another type of verbs • Reflexives • A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same. In other words, when the subject does something to himself. • When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."

11. Continuation of notes • To learn to conjugate reflexive verbs, you need a different set of pronouns called "reflexive pronouns." These pronouns are positioned before the verb, while the ending "se" is dropped and the verb is conjugated normally. • The reflexive pronouns are not subject pronouns; rather they are object pronouns. • The purpose of the reflexive object pronouns is to show that the action of the verb remains with the subject.

12. Continuation of notes nos (ourselves)os (yourselves)se (themselves, yourselves) • me (myself)te (yourself)se (himself, herself, yourself) • To conjugate a reflexive verb: • Remove the “se” • Rearrange – move the “se” to the front of the verb • Make a change – change the “se” to match the subject • Chopsuey – remove the –ar,-er, or –ir • Switch-a-roonie – make a stem change if necessary • Schmoosh – add the correct ending to match the subject (yo) me Lav ar o se (tú) te ac ue o st ar as se

13. Continuation of notes • When two verbs are used together, the first verb is conjugated and the second verb is left in the infinitive form. (big brother-little brother verbs) • Example: • I want to eat. Quiero comer. • When the 2nd verb is reflexive, change the “se” to match the subject, but leave it at the end of the verb. • Example: • I need to go to bed Necesito acostarme

14. Present Tense Conjugations

15. 1 Hablar To talk, to speak Hablo Hablamos 1. Hablas Habláis Habla Hablan

16. 2 comer To eat Como comemos 1. comes coméis come comen

17. 3 vivir To live vivo vivimos 1. vives vivís vive viven

18. 4 ser To be soy somos 1. eres sois es son

19. 5 Estar To be Estoy Estamos 1. Estás Estáis Está Están

20. 6 ir To go voy vamos 1. vas vais va van

21. 7 dar To give, to throw(a party) doy damos 1. das dais da dan

22. 8 ver To see veo vemos 1. ves véis ve ven

23. 9 leer To read leo leemos 1. lees leéis lee leen

24. 10 pagar To pay pago pagamos 1. pagas pagáis paga pagan

25. 11 tocar To touch, to play (an instrument) toco tocamos 1. tocas tocáis toca tocan

26. 12 aprender To learn aprendo aprendemos 1. aprendes aprendéis aprende aprenden

27. 13 tener To have tengo tenemos 1. tienes tenéis tiene tienen

28. 14 querer To want, to wish, To love quiero queremos 1. quieres queréis quieren quiere

29. 15 comenzar To begin comienzo comenzamos 1. comienzas comenzáis comienza comienzan

30. 16 dormir To sleep duermo dormimos 1. duermes dormís duerme duermen

31. 17 poder To be able to, can puedo podemos 1. Podéis puedes puede pueden

32. 18 poner To put, to place pongo ponemos 1. pones ponéis pone ponen

33. 19 salir To leave, to go out salgo salimos 1. sales salís sale salen

34. 20 hacer To do, to make hago hacemos 1. haces hacéis hace hacen

35. 21 traer To bring traigo traemos 1. traes traéis trae traen

36. 22 Venir To come Vengo Venimos 1. Vienes Venís viene vienen

37. 23 saber To know sé sabemos 1. sabes sabéis sabe saben

38. 24 conocer To know, to be familiar with conozco conocemos 1. conoces conocéis conoce conocen

39. 25 Lavarse To wash one’s self Me lavo Nos lavamos 1. Te lavas Os laváis Se lava Se lavan

40. 26 acostarse To go to bed Me acuesto Nos acostamos 1. Te acuestas Os acostáis Se acuesta Se acuestan

41. 27 divertirse To enjoy one’s self, To have a good time me divierto nos divertimos 1. te diviertes os divertís se divierte se divierten

42. 28 andar To walk ando andamos 1. andas andáis anda andan

43. 29 decir To say, to tell digo decimos 1. dices decís dice dicen

44. 30 pedir To ask for, to request pido pedimos 1. pides pedís pide piden

45. 31 seguir To follow, to continue seguimos sigo 1. sigues seguís sigue siguen

46. 31 oír To hear oigo oímos 1. oyes oís oye oyen