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Lake Erie Monitoring

Lake Erie Monitoring. Dr. Jeff Reutter Dr. Justin Chaffin Ohio State University Ohio Sea Grant & Stone Laboratory. OWRC – Water Monitoring Work Group Meeting March 19, 2013. Collaborative Monitoring Program. Goal: Take advantage of strength of each program Better coverage of Lake Erie

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Lake Erie Monitoring

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  1. Lake Erie Monitoring Dr. Jeff Reutter Dr. Justin Chaffin Ohio State University Ohio Sea Grant & Stone Laboratory OWRC – Water Monitoring Work Group Meeting March 19, 2013

  2. Collaborative Monitoring Program • Goal: • Take advantage of strength of each program • Better coverage of Lake Erie • Minimize cost • Synchronize sampling dates • Develop uniform sampling procedures • Identify central data repository • Synthesize results to tell a uniform story

  3. Collaborators • Heidelberg—tributary monitoring--continuous • Univ. Toledo—Maumee Bay—bi-weekly • OEPA—Nearshore Toledo to Conneaut—biweekly • Sea Grant/Stone Lab—open water West Sister to Huron bi-weekly and event-based; central basin events with trailered boat; event and place-based with NOAA satellite guidance • Charter captains—bi-weekly and event-based

  4. Two types of monitoring • Routine monitoring • Fixed sites at scheduled dates • Event-based sampling • Collect important samples outside of routine monitoring

  5. Routine monitoring

  6. Groups monitoring the western basin Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  7. Water Collection Methods Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore 1 meter, pooled Mid depth, pooled 1 meter above bottom, pooled LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  8. Water Collection Methods Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore 1 meter, pooled Surface to 2x Secchi depth Mid depth, pooled 1 meter above bottom, pooled LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  9. Water Collection Methods Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore 1 meter, pooled Surface to 2x Secchi depth Mid depth, pooled Surface to 1 meter above sediments (up to 8 meter) 1 meter above bottom, pooled LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  10. Water Collection Methods Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore 1 meter, pooled Surface to 2 meter Surface to 2x Secchi depth Mid depth, pooled Surface to 1 meter above sediments (up to 8 meter) 1 meter above bottom, pooled LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  11. Sampling methods pros and cons Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore Pros: Represents most of the water column. Easier than tube sampler. Cons: Misses surface scum. Need equal volumes of each sample LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  12. Sampling methods pros and cons Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore Pros: “photic zone” Cons: Samples differ among sites. Composition point differs among phytoplankton. Dependent on sunlight. Turbid waters result in a shallow sample. Pros: Represents most of the water column. Easier than tube sampler. Cons: Misses surface scum. Need equal volumes of each sample LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  13. Sampling methods pros and cons Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore Pros: “photic zone” Cons: Samples differ among sites. Composition point differs among phytoplankton. Dependent on sunlight. Turbid waters result in a shallow sample. Pros: Represents most of the water column. Easier than tube sampler. Pros: Best represents entire water column. Cons: Bulky samplers in deep water. Scums diluted. Cons: Misses surface scum. Need equal volumes of each sample LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  14. Sampling methods pros and cons Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore Pros: “photic zone” Cons: Samples differ among sites. Composition point differs among phytoplankton. Dependent on sunlight. Turbid waters result in a shallow sample. Pros: Easy Cons: Over estimates surface scum compared to water column. Pros: Represents most of the water column. Easier than tube sampler. Cons: Misses surface scum. Need equal volumes of each sample Pros: Best represents entire water column. Cons: Bulky samplers in deep water. Scums diluted. LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  15. Sampling Frequency Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore Every-other week Event-based Every-other week Event-based One a month Every-other week Grid sample Jun& Sept LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  16. Water Quality Analyzes Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), TDP, Nitrate, Nitrite, Silicate, Ammonium, Total Kjeldahl N, Microcystin**, Phytoplankton, Microcystis biovolume TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton *Different analysis methods ** UT does not regularly measure Microcystin LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  17. Water Quality Analyzes Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), TDP, Nitrate, Nitrite, Silicate, Ammonium, Total Kjeldahl N, Microcystin**, Phytoplankton, Microcystis biovolume TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton *Different analysis methods ** UT does not regularly measure Microcystin LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  18. Water Quality Analyzes Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), TDP, Nitrate, Nitrite, Silicate, Ammonium, Total Kjeldahl N, Microcystin**, Phytoplankton, Microcystis biovolume TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton *Different analysis methods ** UT does not regularly measure Microcystin LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  19. Water Quality Analyzes Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), TDP, Nitrate, Nitrite, Urea, TDN, Ammonium, Total Kjeldahl N, Silicate, Total SS, NVSS, Microcystin, Phytoplankton, Microcystis biovolume TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton *Different analysis methods ** UT does not regularly measure Microcystin LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  20. Water Quality Analyzes Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), TDP, Nitrate, Nitrite, Urea, TDN, Ammonium, Total Kjeldahl N, Silicate, Total SS, NVSS, Microcystin, Phytoplankton, Microcystis biovolume TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton *Different analysis methods ** UT does not regularly measure Microcystin LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  21. Water Quality Analyzes Fishing Charter Boats Univ Toledo USGS Ann Arbor OSU Stone Lab USGS Sandusky ODNR OEPA Nearshore TP, Chlorophyll a DRP (SRP), TDP, Nitrate, Nitrite, Urea, TDN, Ammonium, Total Kjeldahl N, Silicate, Total SS, NVSS, Microcystin, Phytoplankton, Microcystis biovolume TP, Chlorophyll a* DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a* Phytoplankton TP, Chlorophyll a* DRP (SRP), Nitrate, Microcystin, Phytoplankton *Different analysis methods LAKE BOTTOM OR THERMOCLINE

  22. Microcystis biovolume

  23. Microcystis biovolume Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 • Easy, cheap method to quantify Microcystis from plankton net samples • Method published in Journal of Great Lakes Research • Bridgeman et al. • A novel method for tracking western Lake Erie Microcystis blooms, 2002–2011 • 2013, 39: 83-89 • Imhoff cones Microcystis Diatoms, Zooplankton & Planktothrix

  24. Microcystis biovolume

  25. Why is it important to measure several forms of nitrogen?

  26. Why is it important to measure several forms of nitrogen? • Microcystin LR is 14% nitrogen (mass).

  27. Why is it important to measure several forms of nitrogen? • Microcystin LR is 14% nitrogen (mass). • Microcystis cannot produce microcystin without combined nitrogen.

  28. Why is it important to measure several forms of nitrogen? • Microcystin LR is 14% nitrogen (mass). • Microcystis cannot produce microcystin without combined nitrogen. • Microcystis preference order: ammonium, urea, amino acids, nitrate.

  29. Why is it important to measure several forms of nitrogen? • Microcystin LR is 14% nitrogen (mass). • Microcystis cannot produce microcystin without combined nitrogen. • Microcystis preference order: ammonium, urea, amino acids, nitrate. • Depletion of combined nitrogen switches bloom to Anabaena

  30. CP Firing USGS Ann Arbor Univ. Toledo Ohio EPA OSU Stone Lab ODNR/USGS Sand. Charter Boats

  31. Event-based sampling • Collect samples missed by routine monitoring • Outside of sample zone • Occur not when we are sampling • Two events to sample • Potential algal blooms • Turbidity induced by wind or rain

  32. HAB event sampling • NOAA monitors Lake Erie using satellites (Dr. Rick Stumpf) • NOAA reports possible HAB to Stone Lab • Stone Lab go to GPS given from NOAA to collect a water sample • Nutrients, phytoplankton, cyanotoxins Central Basin bloom. October 2007 Glerl.noaa.gov

  33. Turbidity sampling • 5 Charter boats • Sample location near home marina • Sample day before rain or high wind, and then sample again day after • TP, Total suspended solids, Inorganic suspended solids, secchi disk depth

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