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Strategies, Barriers and Policies towards Creating a More Inclusive Society. Sangeetha Purushothaman, Huairou Commission, Best Practices Foundation UNESCO Headquarters 10-13 September 2007. What has exclusion meant in India?.
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Strategies, Barriers and Policies towards Creating a More Inclusive Society Sangeetha Purushothaman, Huairou Commission, Best Practices Foundation UNESCO Headquarters 10-13 September 2007
What has exclusion meant in India? • It has meant historically that several communities are unable to participate effectively in the process of development, economically, socially and politically.
Structure of the Presentation • Situating critical importance of participation of local communities in the larger debates, • Strategies to facilitate participation of marginalized communities • Advantages and limitations of these strategies. • Gaps that need to be addressed • Institutional arrangements and capacity building measures to improve participation of all sections of local communities
Community Driven Goals Goals Planning Participatory Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Implementation with people’s participation Implementation Outcomes Sustainable Outcomes Situating Participation in the Development Debate Development with Participation Development without Participation
Democracy Status Of Citizenship Democracy Full Realization Of Citizenship Status ofCitizenship Full Realization Of Citizenship Empowerment Empowerment Political Political Rights Rights Economic Social Situating Participation in the Rights Debate Democracy without Participation Democracy with Participation
Interventions to Address Multi-Dimensional Nature of Poverty
Common strategies used by all Approaches • Community Mobilization • Capacity Building • Networking, Justice Delivery Mechanisms and Advocacy • Convergence
Democracy Status ofCitizenship Sustainable Livelihoods Participation Community Mobilization Full Realization Of Citizenship Capacity Building Empowerment Political Justice Delivery Mechanisms, Networking and Advocacy Rights Social Economic Convergence The Participation Framework: Development, Rights and Sustainability Goals Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Implementation Outcomes
Questions for Discussion • Community Mobilization • What is the role of the State in mobilizing communities? • What types of Linkages are needed between formal and informal CBOs? • What New Institutional Arrangements necessary for higher level decision making (Federations)? • What kinds of Partnerships are needed between State and Civil society institutions?
Questions for Discussion • Capacity Building • How to integrate rights and development interventions? • How to synergise different strategies across sectors? • How to build capacities of government to respond to needs of CBOs and each other?
Questions for Discussion • What kinds of Institutional arrangements are needed for • CBOs at various levels to have a voice in decision making? • CBOs and government to partner? • Convergence?
Questions for Discussion • How to facilitate convergence • From above and below? • Across traditional divides (rights/development, urban/rural, national/local)
Questions for Discussion • How to centre stage grassroots’ women?