Viva Energy Australia

1. Viva Energy Australia Paul Smallacombe – Lubricants Technical Team Lead Nick Lubransky– Marketing Manager Transport

2. Viva Energy brings together the strength of two of the world’s foremost energy companies to create Australia’s newest but most experienced energy provider. • Who is Viva Energy?

4. Shell invests $1.3 billion USD in R&D each year

5. Functions of a Lubricant • Reduce Wear • Reduce Friction • Seal • Cool • Clean • Prevent Corrosion • Basics of Lubrication

6. Recommending Lubricants • Viscosity can be defined as a liquids resistance to flow.The thicker the oil, the higher the viscosity, and the thinner the oil, the lower the viscosity. • The SAE viscosity grade is written as SAE XW-Y, where X is related to low-temperature viscosity and Y is related to high-temperature viscosity. • Viscosity & Specifications Viscosity at low temperatures (W = winter) Viscosity at high temperatures

7. An SAE 5W-30multigrade oil behaves like an SAE 5W monograde oil when cold, but like an SAE 30 monograde oil when hot. • Viscosity – Monograde vs. Multigrade Thick Optimal Viscosity Viscosity Thin Cold Hot Temperature SAE 30 – monograde SAE 5W-30 – multigrade SAE 5W – monograde

8. API (American Petroleum Institute) • ACEA (Association des Constructeurs Europeans d’Automobiles) • ILSAC (US-Japanese sponsored OEM organisation) • JASO (Japanese Automobile Standards Organisation) All specifications are International in as much that the OEM will demand performance totheir own and to national standards, wherever in the world their engines are used • Industry Specifications

9. What drives changes the Oil market? • Market Trends MARKET DRIVERS Market Influence: Legislation Market Influence: Technology

10. = • On-Highway Evolution 1990s Today 60 1 HEAVY DUTY ENGINE TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN DOMINATED BY INCREASING CONSTRAINTS ON THE EMISSIONS OF NOX AND PARTICULATE MATTER (PM)

11. Increased energy efficiency and power output • Improved fuel injection systems i.e. common rail • Turbocharging, VGT • After treatment Devices • NOx control (EGR) • Urea metering • DPF soot regeneration • Oil quality monitoring • Hybridisation - e.g. Volvo, Daimler • Integration of electric motors within driveline • Factors affecting hardware • Reduction in fuel Sulphur • Clean fuels • Renewable fuels • Market Influence: Technology

12. There is no legislation on engine oil performance • Emissions legislation (and forthcoming FE legislation) drives fundamental change to engine design • E.g. More or less Exhaust Gas Recirculation for NOx control • Engine design affects lubrication demands • More EGR makes soot handling more difficult • OEM and therefore industry oil specs (eg. API/ACEA) move in parallel to emissions legislation • Recent legislation has driven after treatment (DPF, SCR) which has driven low SAPS oils • Why is emissions legislation not pushed faster, or more harmonsised? • Low emissions require low sulphur fuel (Euro 4 -> 50ppm, Euro 5 ->10ppm). Huge investment needed. • Low emissions engines are more expensive, and harder to maintain • SCR needs UREA (AdBlue) infrastructure • And so on …. • Why does emissions legislation matter to lubricant manufacturers?

13. Maintain Diesel Particulate Performance • Lower oil ash levels = increased particulate trap service interval • Extend Catalyst Efficiency Lifetime • driving sulphur and phosphorus levels downwards • Exhaust gas recirculation • More phosphorus need in high wear environment • Improved Soot Control • improved dispersancy and higher quality base oils • Extended Service Interval • increased additive treat rates and higher quality base oils • Chemical Limits • low SAPS (Sulphated ash, Phosphorus, Sulphur) • Fuel Economy • lower viscosity grades – higher VI base stocks • Heavy Duty Engine Lubrication Challenges

14. PC-11 stands for Proposed Category 11. It is the parent project by the American Petroleum Institute (API). • In December 2016, 2 new specifications of Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Oil came into effect, CK-4 and FA-4 • New HDDEO Category CK-4 FA-4

15. Shell innovation in lubricants – first to market lubricants made from natural gas Benefits of using lubricants with Shell GTL Base Oil Shell GTL Base Oil Why gas? Produces a cleaner and purer form of base oil Marketed as Shell PurePlus Technology in consumer lubricants. Shell industrial lubricants are also GTL-enabled. • Gas-To-Liquids (GTL) Base Oil A high-quality base material used in Shell’s premium finished lubricants Higher viscosity index Less equipment wear Lower volatility Reduced fuel consumption Low temperature property Better equipment cleanliness Better oxidation stability Longer lubricant life E F Compared to conventional Group II/III oils

16. How do I know if it is an OEM approved product? • Technical Data Sheet (beware of “suitable for…” or “meets requirements of…”) • Approval Letter from OEM • OEM Approved Products List • OEM Website listing – i.e. MAN or Mercedes • Product Approvals

17. Viva Energy’s Technical Helpdesk is here to support the technical requirements associated with the fuels and lubricants you use, and more importantly, the equipment you or your customer use. • Technical Support Our technical people are tribology experts, delivering technical advice such as: • Product Recommendations • Material Safety Data Sheets • Technical Data Sheets • Lubrication Alternatives • Product Rationalisation • Fuels & Lubricants Storage & Handling Advice • Oil Analysis Results • Contact with Shell Global technical Support • Contact with Shell Product Application Specialists

18. Questions?