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“Where Have You Gone, Charming Billy”. Tim O’Brien. Characterization. Direct Characterization – the writer tells us what the character is like Indirect Characterization – the reader puts together clues about what the character is like. Static Characters – characters that do not change
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“Where Have You Gone, Charming Billy” Tim O’Brien
Characterization • Direct Characterization – the writer tells us what the character is like • Indirect Characterization – the reader puts together clues about what the character is like
Static Characters – characters that do not change • Dynamic Characters – characters that change • Round Characters – characters that are developed fully • Flat Characters – characters not fully developed
Historical Context • The social, cultural, and political issues of the time and place in which the story is set
Vietnam: the historical context • French began military campaigns in Vietnam in the mid 19th century • 1941 Ho Chi Mihn started a resistance movement • 1945, Japan took control • French tried to regain control and the Indochina War broke out • US supported the French
North vs. South Vietnam • Ho Chi Mihn controlled the North • Ngo Dihn Diem controlled the South • Elections held to unify-Diem blocked them • US supported Diem to resist Communism
WAR • North Vietnamese attack US ship • President Johnson authorized troops to Vietnam in 1965 to fight North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and South Vietnamese guerrillas (Viet Cong)
Troops • 16,000 initial troops • 500,000 at peak • At withdrawal in 1973, 57,605 Americans had died • 303,700 wounded • Many Vietnamese civilians killed
Guerrilla Warfare • US soldiers trained for traditional combat • Viet Cong took advantage of jungle landscape • Planted traps such as bamboo stakes in the jungle • Tough to distinguish between civilians and enemy soldiers
Strategy • US used massive bombing campaigns • Pacification tactics such as search and destroy missions and free-fire zones
Turning Point • 1968—NVA and Viet Cong prepared to launch a simultaneous attack against all major cities in South Vietnam • Occurred on Tet, the Vietnamese New Year, rumored to be truce time • Tet failed in terms of casualties but succeeded in turning US sentiment against the war
March 1968 • Johnson halted bombing and began peace talks • Richard Nixon was elected President • Nixon began reducing troops and turning Vietnam over to Army of the Republic of Vietnam leaders
Tim O’Brien • Drafted into the US Army right after college • Spent 2 years in Vietnam • After the war, he wrote to cope with his memories from the war • Often used the character Paul Berlin to tell the story