Merit Badge University: SPORTS

1. Merit Badge University: SPORTS Counselors: Billy Schmitz and Eric Belpulsi

2. Objectives • Knowledge of First Aid for: • Sprains, Strains, Contusions, Abrasions, Fractures, Blisters, Muscle Cramps, Dehydration, Heat and Cold Reactions, Injured Teeth, and Nausea • What To Do When There is: • Suspected Injuries to Head, Neck, and Back • Importance of: • Physical Exam before Participating in Sports • Maintaining Good Health Habits • Maintaining a Healthy Diet • During Sports: • Warm-Up and Cool Down Importance, Weight Training, Difference between Amateur and Professional Athlete, and Qualities of Good Sportsmanship, a Good Team Leader, and Being a Good Sport

3. Additional Knowledge To Know: • Rules and Etiquette for Two Sports You Have Chosen to Participate In • Equipment and Appropriate Clothing Necessary for Each of Your Two Sports Chosen • Diagrams of the Playing Areas for the Two Sports You Have Chosen • Personal Training Program: • Chart to Track Training Progress, Practices, and Development in the Sports You Have Chosen • Demonstrate Proper Technique for Two Chosen Sports • How Participation in Sports has Affected You Mentally and Physically

4. Injuries That Could Occur • Sprain: • injury to muscle or tendon due to overstretching, overexertion, heavy lifting, sudden movement, or twisting action • Strain: • Caused by twisting, wrenching, or lifting to cause a tear or stretch to the major tissue around a joint • Contusion: • Usually called bruises, but caused by impact that starts with internal bleeding, but does not ever break skin • Abrasion: • Also known as a scrape, caused by skin rubbing or tearing off • Fracture: • Broken bones caused by a blow or fall to the particular area

5. Injuries Continued • Blister: • Continual rubbing of the skin against another object allows these to form • Muscle Cramp: • Usually caused by inadequate stretching or overuse to cause unusual muscle contractions • Heat Reaction: • Heat exhaustion or heatstroke are examples that are caused when body is overheated and cannot maintain standard temperature • Cold Reaction: • Body cannot heat enough to reach standard temperature, if gets too extreme can lead to hypothermia

6. Injuries Continued: • Nausea: • Sensation before vomiting usually caused by eating too close to activity/exercise • Head/Neck/Back Injury: • Caused by intense impact to the head, may suffer dizziness, headache, nausea, or vomiting • Concussion • Dehydration: • Lack of water to the body

7. How To Treat Injury • R.I.C.E. • Rest • Ice • Compression • Elevation • This allows for swelling to decrease and a better diagnosis to be formed

8. What A Sport is and Why People Play Them • A fun way to exercise your body needs. • Close Friendships Can Be Formed • Personal Fitness Gained From the Physical Activity • Desire to Feel the Achievement in Accomplishing the Improvement in a Sport or Winning a Competition

9. Healthy Habits • What is the trick to growing to your full height potential? • Sleeping 8 to 10 hours a Night • Healthy Habits such as a good night’s sleep and proper diet have a major impact on what three areas surrounding sports? • Strength, Agility, and Endurance • What does training allow for your body to do? • Build Stronger Bones, Bone Tissues, and Muscles • Test your Limit of Endurance

10. Physical Exam • What is involved in a physical examination? • Heart rate • Blood pressure • Height • Weight • Listening to heart and lungs • Test reflexes and vision • Know nutritional habits, physical activity, and family life

11. The Food Guide Pyramid

12. Terms For A Healthy Diet • Simple Carbohydrates • Foods with refined sugar and white flour • Examples of Simple Carbohydrates: • Soft Drinks, Cookies, Cakes, Doughnuts • Complex Carbohydrates • Energy Builders • Examples of Complex Carbohydrates: • Whole Grains, Fruits, Vegetables • Proteins • Helps body build and repair damaged tissue • Example of Proteins: • Fish, Poultry, Pork, Beef, Eggs, Beans, and Nuts

13. Terms Continued • Saturated Fats • Made of meat and dairy fats – unhealthy fats • Increase Cholesterol and Risk of Heart Disease • Unsaturated Fats • Good for you fats • Come from Plant Oils • Trans Fats • Difficult for the body to use • Used to make french fries, doughnuts, crackers, and cookies

14. Water • Helps to Keep Your Body Hydrated by 8-10 Glasses of Water a Day • Helps you Stay Energized, Deal w/ Hot and Cold Temperatures, and Digest Food • By The Time You Feel Thirsty… You are Already Dehydrated • Can You Have Too Much Water? • Hyponatremia • Over Hydration • Water Intoxication – when body’s water and sodium/electrolyte levels are off balance • Solution • Drink both fresh water and sports drinks to rehydrate and replace electrolytes

15. Training for Sports • Includes: • Warming up, cooling down, stretching muscles, weight training • What Does a Warm Up Allow For? • Muscles, ligaments, and tendons in body to literally warm up and prepare for activity • Stretches muscles and connecting tissues to decrease likelihood of strain or tearing • How Long Should a Warm Up Last? • 10 to 15 minutes

16. MUSCLE GROUPS • Quadriceps • Front of each thigh • Hamstring • Back of each thigh • Bicep • Front of each upper arm • Triceps • Back of each upper arm • Calf • Behind the lower portion of each leg

17. What are the most Important Reasons for a Warm Up? • Increase your flexibility • Faster nerve impulses to allow for faster reflexes • More oxygen to your muscles • Increase your heart rate slowly

18. Example Warm Up • Necessary for every muscle to be included! • Five Minute Stretching Activity: • Chest Stretch • Tricep Stretch • Quad Stretch • Lower Back Stretch • Inner Thigh Stretch • Calf Stretch • Hamstring Stretch • Aerobic Warm Up • Jog around slowly for 10 minutes • Cycle or Walk at slow brisk pace

19. Why Do You Need To Weight Train? • Make muscles stronger to avoid injury • What is the difference between a heavy weight lifter and lifting weights for sports? • You are not wanting to look bigger. • You need to use lighter weights, with more repetitions to increase strength and power for the movements in your sport. • You want your muscles to learn a motion so you are quicker on the field in competition.

20. What is the Difference Between Athlete and a professional athlete? • Amateur athletes compete for physical, mental, and social benefits. • Professional athletes compete for not only the love of the sport, but for compensation through prizes and money. • Professional athletes hold no other job, their sport is their job. • Amateur athletes, such as those in high school and college, can be forced to quit the team if they are known to be taking gifts or money for their achievements on the court/field.

21. Sportsmanship • What are the traits for good sportsmanship? • Respect for • Teammates • Coaches • Officials • Spectators • Accepting a poor decision and not getting upset about it and becoming violent • Showing Good Sportsmanship takes using the scout oath and helping others at all times, and being cheerful in competition

22. What is a Team Leader? • Strong member of the team who can lead • Influences team members to work toward a common goal • Powerful way to lead is by example • Think team plays better when you work as a team, not as an individual • Motivate team through play, but also are good friends on and off the field

23. SPORTS ETIQUETTE • Unwritten rules • Not going to get a penalty if these rules are broken, but are still equally important • Wise idea: • Always play to Win, But Don’t be a Sore Loser • Sports spectators must also abide by these rules…even though fans can get out of hand sometimes

24. Baseball

25. Baseball History • The American Pastime • Started in streets and fields of small town America • Builds quick reflexes, coordination, and keen anticipation • Speed is essence of baseball when running basis, lower body must be developed • Arms, shoulders, and back developed from hitting and throwing the baseball • St. Louis Cardinals were founded in 1882

26. Basic Baseball Rules • Ball is thrown from pitcher to catcher from the pitchers mound to home plate • Batter must hit between the first and third base lines (foul lines) • Umpire declares whether the ball was a strike (meaning it was able to be hit) or a ball (the ball was unable to be hit) • Three strikes ends the batters turn for that rotation • Four balls allows batter to advance to first base automatically. • A ball hit in fair territory over the fence is a homerun

27. Baseball Equipment • Good pair of cleats • Batting helmet • Batting gloves • Bat • Socks • Baseball pants • Baseball • Jersey • Glove • Hat

28. Basketball

29. Basketball History • James Naismith created after challenging for an indoor sport to be created for years for the cold winter months • First game used a soccer ball being thrown into peach buckets attached close to the ceiling in 1891

30. Basic Basketball Rules • Two hoops at opposite ends of the court • 5 players on each team on the court at one time • Players dribble or pass the ball (without holding it and walking) down to the opposite end of the court to shoot at the basket to score • Most teams have a total of 10 on their roster • Ball can only be touched with hands, any other body part (example: feet) causes a violation • Free throws taken if violation occurs • Jump ball allows for game to begin or if a tie up occurs during the game the ball switches between who will gain possession

31. Basketball Equipment • Court shoes • Jersey • Shorts • Socks • Basketball • 2 hoops

32. Football

33. Football History • Mix of hard hitting physical contact with complex tactics and formations • Popular in high school, college, and professional leagues

34. Basic Football Rules • Plays 11 players on field for each team at a time • Team usually consists of around 45 players total • 4 quarters – 15 minutes each • Each play begins with both teams facing each other along scrimmage line • Players run or pass the ball to advance it up the field • Offensive players may use arms and hands to block opponents, but cannot hold onto them • Defender tries to stop opponent from catching ball • If ball crosses the goal line, a touchdown is scored for 6 points…if ball is kicked through field goal it is awarded 3 points

35. Football Equipment • Football • Helmet • Mouth Peice • Should Pads • Cleats • Hip, thigh, tailbone, and knee pads • Athletic support (cup) • Jersey and football pants

36. Ice Hockey

37. Ice Hockey History • Fast Game • Some pucks can travel over 100 miles per hour • Puck flies faster than speed of a car on the interstate

38. Ice Hockey Basic Rules • Game consists of 3, 20 minute periods • Each team has 6 players on ice at one time • Skaters advance by skating with the puck using their stick or passing it to another teammate • Penalties include off-sides and icing • Each period starts with a face-off • If player commits a penalty, sent to penalty box for 2 minutes

39. Ice Hockey Equipment • Stick • Jersey • Padded Hockey pants • Ice skates • Helmet • Mouth guard • Puck • Shoulder pads • Shin Guards • Socks

40. Soccer

41. Soccer History • Worlds most popular game to watch and play • Only in United States for past 20 years (MLS) • Number 1 sport for children to participate in • 19 million youth play ranging from ages 5 to 19

42. Basic Soccer Rules • 11 players from each team on field at one time • Game has 2, 45 minute halves • Goal is scored when whole ball crosses line of opposing goal • After each goal, opposite team has a kick off • After halftime, teams change ends of the field • Ball is in play except if it completely crosses sideline or goal-line • Player committing offsides allows opposing team to have indirect kick • Foul is called for handball and a kick is awarded

43. Soccer Equipment • Jersey • Shorts • Socks • Cleats • Soccer Ball • 2 Goals

44. Volleyball

45. Basic Volleyball Rules • Server stands behind end line and serves ball over net to opposing side • Players stand in 2 rows of three • Team has maximum of 3 hits to get ball to other side of the net, having it pass over the net to get there • Ball may be hit with any part of the body, but not hit 2 times by the same person in a row • Teams alternate court ends and serving after each set • A set is 1 points and a match is the best of 3 or 5 sets

46. Volleyball Equipment • Knee pads • Volleyball • Shorts • Jersey • Socks • Court shoes • net