ANCIENT HUMAN REMAINS

1. ANCIENT HUMAN REMAINS

2. TIME LINE • Ötzi the iceman discovered 19 September 1991 in Austria • Yde Girl discovered Stijfveenpeat bog Netherlands. She was found on 12 May1897 • Lindow man was discovered in Lindow moss 1 August 1984 • Tollund Man was discovered in Scandinavia He was found in 1950 • Girl of the Uchter Moor discovered January 2000 in Uchte in Lower Saxony, Germany

3. ways they have been preserved • Mummies that are formed as a result of naturally-occurring environmental conditions, such as extreme coldness (Ötzi the Iceman, the Ice Maiden), acid (Tollund Man), salinity (Salt Man), or desiccating dryness (Tarim mummies), have been found all over the world. More than a thousand Iron Age corpses, so called bog bodies, have been found in bogs in northern Europe, such as the Yde Girl and the Lindow Man.

4. The iceman • Ötzi the ice man was discovered on 19 September 1991 by two German tourists in Austria By current estimates, at the time of his death Ötzi was approximately 1.65 metres (5 ft 5 in) tall, weighed about 50 kilograms (110 lb; 7.9 st) and was about 45 years of age. When his body was found, it weighed 38 kilograms (84 lb; 6.0 st). Because the body was covered in ice shortly after his death, it only partially deteriorated.

5. Yde girl • Yde girl was discovered in the Stijfveenpeat bog near the village of Yde, Netherlands. She was found on 12 May1897 The body was found clad in a woolen cape and with a belt wrapped around the neck suggesting she was executed or sacrificed. There was also a stab wound in her collarbone, but that was not determined as cause of death. As with most bog bodies, the skin and features are still preserved, thanks to the tannic acid in the marsh water. When Yde Girl was excavated, the diggers accidentally split her remains in half, effectively destroying her torso. The Yde Girl was put on display at a museum and further study was not carried out on the remains until 1992.

6. events leadin up • Ötzi the ice man This explains why the Iceman's "rescuers" made quite a few careless mistakes: they weren't trying to preserve and protect the body, they were just trying to free it from the ice. At first, using a stick that they found nearby (later discovered to be his bow), they attempted to pry him free. They also tried to pull him from the ice by grabbing onto what was left of his clothing. In the process, they shredded it. One policeman was so anxious to free the mummy that he took a small jackhammer to the ice, accidentally drilling a hole in the Iceman's hip. And Pirpamer used an ice pick to finally extract the Iceman. • Yde girl Her discovery and recovery were handled poorly. Apparently interested in science, the mayor made some notes.  He also dredged more parts of Yde Girl from the bog: one hand, one foot, and part of her pelvis. He noted that hair from half of her head had been shaved off. And he contacted the Drents Museum about the find. 

7. presivation of Otzi & Yde girl • Ötzi the ice man was over 3000 yeas old & he was preserved in the Austrian mountains covered in ice witch stopped the bacteria getting to his corps. • Yde girl was found in Stijfveen peat bog Netherlands like Ötzi the bog ad stoped all the bacteria & oxygen getting to the body witch has preserved the body all these yeas later.

8. Cause of death • Yde girl The body was found clad in a woollen cape and with a belt wrapped around the neck suggesting she was executed or sacrificed. There was also a stab wound in her collarbone, but that was not determined as cause of death. • Ötzi the iceman Initially it had been believed that Ötzi died from exposure during a winter storm. Later it was speculated that Ötzi may have been a victim of a ritualsacrifice, perhaps for being a chieftain. This explanation was inspired by theories previously advanced for the first millennium B.C.

9. Role of science • Ötzi the iceman the role of science was using radio carbon dating to determine when he had died. • Yde girl just like Ötzi the ice man they used radio carbon dating to find out when she had died

10. otzis appearance & gear • Ötzi the iceman Ortiz's clothes were sophisticated. He wore a cloak made of woven grass and a coat, a belt, a pair of leggings, a loincloth and shoes, all made of leather of different skins. He also wore a bearskin cap with a leather chin strap. The shoes were waterproof and wide, seemingly designed for walking across the snow; they were constructed using bearskin for the soles, deer hide for the top panels, and a netting made of tree bark. Soft grass went around the foot and in the shoe and functioned like modern socks. The coat, belt, leggings, and loincloth were constructed of vertical strips of leather sewn together with sinew Other items found with the Iceman were a copper axe with a yew handle, a flint knife with an ash handle, a quiver of 14 arrows with viburnum and dogwood shafts. Two of the arrows, which were broken, were tipped with flint and had fletching (stabilizing vents), while the other 12 were unfinished and untipped.

11. Yde girls appearance & gear • She was strangled by a woollen waistband (or belt) which had been slip-knotted and wrapped around her neck three times. Peatcutters using a scoop to dredge peat from the bog in 1897 were so terrified to see her body that they ran away. Her red hair caused them to think that they had come face-to-face with the devil.