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Formation of Earth’s Continents

Formation of Earth’s Continents. FORMATION OF EARTH’S CONTINENTS. SCIENTIFIC NON-SCIENTIFIC. WHAT IS A CONTINENT. Continent comes from the word ( continere , Latin for “to hold together”), a derivation that implies a structural unity, though not necessarily dry land.

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Formation of Earth’s Continents

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  1. Formation of Earth’s Continents

  2. FORMATION OF EARTH’S CONTINENTS SCIENTIFIC NON-SCIENTIFIC

  3. WHAT IS A CONTINENT • Continent comes from the word (continere, Latin for “to hold together”), a derivation that implies a structural unity, though not necessarily dry land. • A large mass, as a distinct from an island, which is smaller landmass surrounded by water.

  4. 7 continents • Australia • Europe • Antarctica • South America • North America • Africa • Asia

  5. THE EARTH’S INTERIOR

  6. SCIENTIFIC FORMATION OF EARTH’S CONTINENT SHRINKING EARTH

  7. SHRINKING EARTH • The Scientist said that the Earth cooled from its original molten state. • The cooling process caused the Earth to shrink as it hardened.

  8. SCIENTIFIC FORMATION OF EARTH’S CONTINENT DRIFTING CONTINENTS

  9. DRIFTING CONTINENTS • Over the years a new description of earth’s surface---one that suggested that the continents were actually moving and changing---developed. • One of the first proponent of this idea was..

  10. FRANCIS BACON17th Century Scientist

  11. ANTONIO SNIDER-PELLIGRINI1858

  12. ALFRED WEGENER1912

  13. SCIENTIFIC FORMATION OF EARTH’S CONTINENT CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY

  14. WATCH VIDEO…ENJOY

  15. PANGEA From the Greek word pan, meaning all, and ge, meaning Earth.

  16. TWO HUGE CONTINENTS LAURASIA (Northern HEMISPHERE) GONDWANALAND (Southern hemisphere)

  17. LAURASIA • North America • Europe • Asia • Greenland

  18. Gondwanaland • Africa • South America • Antarctica • Australia • India

  19. SCIENTIFIC FORMATION OF EARTH’S CONTINENT PLATE TECTONICS

  20. Plate Tectonics Revolutionized scientific thinking about the earth and showed that continental drift may, in fact, occur. In 1950’s scientist began studying ocean floor in more detail than ever before. Speacial sonar(SOH-nar) equipment that uses sound waves to detect underwater objects helped scientist gather information.

  21. LITHOSPHERE Eludicates the outermost layer. ATHENOSPEHERE Is where the plates slide over the Earth’s mantle.

  22. PLATES CONTINENTAL OCEANIC

  23. LITHOSPERIC plates, slowly moves in different directions. Relative motion of plates w/ respect to adjacent places

  24. MOVEMENT DIVERGENT MARGIN CONVERGENT MARGIN SHEAR

  25. Watch Video • ENJOY!

  26. This is an example of a divergent plate boundary (where the plates move away from each other). The Atlantic Ocean was created by this process. The mid-Atlantic Ridge is an area where new sea floor is being created.

  27. As the rift valley expands two continental plates have been constructed from the original one. The molten rock continues to push the crust apart creating new crust as it does.

  28. As the rift valley expands, water collects forming a sea. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is now 2,000 metres above the adjacent sea floor, which is at a depth of about 6,000 metres below sea level

  29. The sea floor continues to spread and the plates get bigger and bigger. This process can be seen all over the world and produces about 17 square kilometres of new plate every year.

  30. SUBDUCTION

  31. NOTE: The key to subduction seems to be water which acts as a kind of lubricant as the heavier plate slips underneath the lighter plate.

  32. CONVERGENT

  33. EXAMPLE (Convergent) The Himalayas and Mount Everest

  34. In some regions two lithospheric platesslide past one another in opposite directions,without converging or diverging. Such platemargins are called shear margins. As a resultof this, these regions have developed intozones of faulting or shearing . The San AndreasFault Zone of California is an example ofsuch a plate margin. Shear margins are zonesof tectonic activity characterized by frequentearthquakes. Some regions of the Earth arelocalities where three lithospheric plate marginsmeet together. Such plate margins are called‘triple junctions’.

  35. NON SCIENTIFIC • Antonio Snider, who in 1859 first proposed horizontal movement of continents catastrophically during the Genesis flood. The statements inside Genesis 1:9-10  about the gathering together of the seas in one place, which implies there was one landmass, influenced his thinking.

  36. NON SCIENTIFIC The gods shook the Earth and moved the continents with heavy metal (Thunder and rock). Giants Asteroids Ocean and sky (Dagat at langit)

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