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Human Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University. Handhelds in the Automobile: The Denali Navigation System. Brad A. Myers bam@cs.cmu.edu http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~pebbles. General Idea. How can a handheld augment the operation of an automobile?
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Human Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Handhelds in the Automobile:The Denali Navigation System Brad A. Myers bam@cs.cmu.edu http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~pebbles
General Idea • How can a handheld augment theoperation of an automobile? • Not just using a PDA while in a car • PDA augments andinteroperates with car • Not for driving • Examples: • Setting functions, controls • Specifying destination for navigation systems
Pebbles Project • This research is part of the Pebbles project • Overall goal: investigate use of handheldsat the same time as PCs and other computerized devices • “Multi-Machine User Interfaces” • Assumption: handhelds will frequently be in close interactive communication with each other and other computers • Wireless and wired technologies
Other Domains for Pebbles • Also created applications to study use of PDAs in: • Classrooms • Offices • Meeting rooms • Command Post of the Future • Homes • For the Handicapped
Personal Universal Controller • Two-way communication • Appliance describes its functions • Personal Universal Controller then: • Automaticallycreates user interface • Controls the appliance • Displays feedback about appliance status Specifications Control Feedback
Current PUC Specification Language • XML • Full documentation for the specification language and protocol • Has been used to specify many appliances • Stereo, MP3 player, camera, VCR, room lights, elevator, etc.
Previously Reported • Modeling theGMC Yukon DenaliSUV • Has a sophisticated Driver InformationConsole system • Three-zone HVAC system • LCD screen-based navigation system
Simulator • Navigation System • 50+ screens covering most navigation features • Limited direct interaction with the map (e.g. scrolling) • Based on interacting with real device
New Work • More parts of the Navigation Simulator • Audio functions • Various settings • Specification of the Navigation System’s functions in XML • Exercises advanced features of PUC specification language • Automatic generation of (parts of) Navigation System on PocketPCs
Future Work • Future Work on Simulator • Simulate XM radio • Conduct a comparison user study • Similar to our previous comparison study • Measure time/errors for users using both the physical unit and handheld remote control • Automatic generation with user consistency
Human Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Text Input Using EdgeWrite Brad A. Myers bam@cs.cmu.edu http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~pebbles
Input while physically unstable • GM has sponsored research and patent on a new text entry technique called EdgeWrite™ • First aimed at people with motor impairments • Unable to make Graffiti or Jot gestures • Physical edges provide physical stability • Instability might be a property of the environment, not just the person • e.g., on a bus, while walking, or in a car
Stylus EdgeWrite™ • Move along plastic edges inside square hole • Recognition based on order corners are hit • OK if the path is jittery • No need for: • Shift or caps lock • Separate areas for numbers and letters
Character Chart • Three subsets: • Alphanumerics (e.g., abc, 123) • Punctuation (e.g., !?#$*) • Extended characters (e.g., ®¶Øç) • 144 characters with 306 forms
Stylus EdgeWrite™ Results • After 15 minutes of practice, able-bodied novices: • 18% more accurate than Graffiti • About the same in speed (~7 WPM with each) • Note: Tasks included numbers and punctuation • Motor-impaired users were vastly more accurate • 22/72 in Graffiti, 68/72 in EdgeWrite (Parkinson’s)
Joystick EdgeWrite™ • Could be useful for game consoles, mobile phones, or on power wheelchairs • Compared EdgeWrite to Date Stamp and Selection Keyboard • Tested with unmodified COTS joystick
Touchpad EdgeWrite™ • Use elevated edges around a Synaptics touchpad • May be easier for people with motor impairments • Maybe mount on the steering wheel or arm-rest?
Touchpad Pilot Study • Two factors • Output visible • Touchpad visible • Touchpad visibility a complete non-factor! • Not seeing output doesn’t degrade performance very much One subject: 22.61 WPM (maximum)
New! Using Joystick on Wheelchair • Custom hardware andsoftware to interfaceto commercial joystick • Informally evaluated with 7disabled power-wheelchair users • 6 with Cerebral Palsy, 1 with Multiple Sclerosis • Compared to on-screen keyboard and using EdgeWrite on a touchpad
Results • Touchpad worked betterthan wheelchair joystick
EdgeWrite.com • Download EdgeWrite software • Find abridged and full character charts • Find publications • Order plastic templates • See http://www.edgewrite.com/ or http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~edgewrite/ • Same web site
Future EdgeWrite™ work • Mouse/text disambiguation on touchpad • Keyboard/mouse replacement forpeople with disabilities • Custom (non-commercial) joystick implementation • Cell phone implementation • More user tests!
Human Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Thank You! Brad A. Myers bam@cs.cmu.edu http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~pebbles
