History of Project Management

1. History of Project Management Farrokh Alemi, Ph.D.Lee Baliton Chris Smith

2. Ancient History • Examples: • The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) • The Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

3. Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

4. Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

5. Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

6. Ancient History • Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) • Exceptional planning • Coordination • Allocation • Hundreds of thousands of workers • Paid and Slave labor.

7. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

8. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

9. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

10. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

11. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

12. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

13. Ancient History • Similar basic elements of project management: • Managing resources • Maintaining a schedule • Coordinating different groups • All are used in today’s modern project management practice • No evidence that they used optimal scheduling Project Management was not really the same

14. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce • Seen in transportation, to manufacturing • Large scale projects caused large scale management decisions. • Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad

15. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce • Seen in transportation, to manufacturing • Large scale projects • Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad

16. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce • Seen in transportation, to manufacturing • Large scale projects • Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad

17. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • First large scale project management • Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA

18. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA

19. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Railway • Telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA

20. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA

21. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management • Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act • Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line • Granted funding and land • Union Pacific • Central Pacific

22. The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad Source: Wikipedia: Theodore Judah http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Judah

23. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • Mid-19th century business leaders faced with task of organizing labor in manufacturing and assembly

24. The Early Years: Late 19th Century • Mid-19th century business leaders faced with task of organizing labor in manufacturing and assembly Coffee break before and now

25. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Henry Gantt • Modern project management • Construction • Engineering • Defense • Henry Gantt forefather of project management • Known for planning and control techniques • “Gantt” chart keeps track of project schedule.

26. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Henry Gantt • Modern project management came from construction, engineering, and defense • Henry Gantt forefather of project management • Known for planning and control techniques • “Gantt” chart keeps track of project schedule. Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

27. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Henry Gantt • Modern project management came from construction, engineering, and defense • Henry Gantt forefather of project management • Known for planning and control techniques • “Gantt” chart keeps track of project schedule. Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

28. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Gantt chart Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

29. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Gantt chart Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

30. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Gantt chart Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

31. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Gantt chart Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html

32. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Frederic Taylor • Work breakdown • Piecemeal work Source: Fredrick Taylor entry in Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor

33. Modern Project Management 1900-1950 – Frederic Taylor Source: Fredrick Taylor entry in Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor

34. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond • Pre-1950’s ad-hoc project management • Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used • Early 1950’s modern project management

35. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond • Pre-1950’s ad-hoc project management • Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used • Early 1950’s modern project management

36. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond • Pre-1950’s ad-hoc project management • Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used • Early 1950’s modern project management

37. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT • Two mathematical scheduling methods • “Program Evaluation Review Technique” or PERT • Analyzes the tasks • Identifies minimum amount of time

38. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT • Two mathematical scheduling methods • “Program Evaluation Review Technique” or PERT • Analyzes the tasks • Identifies minimum amount of time Edwin Booz Source: The Story of Consulting: 1920-1939 http://www.agcon.com/HTML/site_content/page_episode_2_en.html

39. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT • Two mathematical scheduling methods • “Program Evaluation Review Technique” or PERT • Analyzes the tasks • Identifies minimum amount of time Edwin Booz Source: The Story of Consulting: 1920-1939 http://www.agcon.com/HTML/site_content/page_episode_2_en.html

40. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT Source: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3APert_chart_colored.gif

41. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT Source: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3APert_chart_colored.gif

42. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • A CPM diagram based on the following project elements: • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies between the activities.

43. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • A CPM diagram based on the following project elements: • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies between the activities.

44. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • CPM diagram • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies between the activities.

45. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • CPM diagram • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies between the activities.

46. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • CPM diagram • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies among the activities

47. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • The “Critical Path Method” developed for plant maintenance projects • Algorithm for scheduling project activities. • A CPM diagram based on the following project elements: • List of all activities required for project • Length of time for each activity • Dependencies among the activities

48. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM • CPM diagram of a construction project

49. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM The blue arrows are tasks that consume resources

50. Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM The blue arrows also have the time required to complete each task