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History of Management Thought

History of Management Thought. Lecture #3. Schools of Management Thought. Schools of Management Thought. Classical School Behavioral School Management Science School. Classical School. “One best way to manage”

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History of Management Thought

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  1. History of Management Thought Lecture #3

  2. Schools of Management Thought

  3. Schools of Management Thought • Classical School • Behavioral School • Management Science School

  4. Classical School • “One best way to manage” • It is management’s job to ascertain the best way to perform a job, then teach that method to workers. The same philosophy applies to running the organization (the manager’s job)

  5. Scientific Management • The Scientific Method applied to work

  6. Scientific Management • Observation • Measurement • Logic • Analysis

  7. Frederick Taylor • The “Father of Scientific Management”

  8. Taylor & Scientific Management • Experiment in Iron Foundry • Shoveling Coal

  9. Taylor & Shoveling Coal • Standard Operating Procedure: Hire the man with the shovel

  10. Taylor & Shoveling Coal • New Idea: Use standardized shovels!!!

  11. Taylor & Shoveling Coal • Optimal shovel size for the average worker: 21 ½ pounds

  12. Loading Pig Iron • Intermediate product in the processing of iron ore into steel

  13. Taylor & Loading Pig Iron • Before: Average load of 12 ½ tons per day • After: Average load of _____ tons per day • Wages increased ____%

  14. Taylor & Loading Pig Iron • Productivity gain for company • More money for worker • Worker was less fatigued at end of day

  15. Scientific Management • Frank & Lillian Gilbreth • Motion & Time Studies • Therbligs

  16. Gilbreths • Brick-laying

  17. Gilbreths • Cheaper By the Dozen • World War I telegram to President Wilson: Arriving Washington 7:03 pm. If you don’t know how to use me, I’ll tell you.

  18. Scientific Management • Application of the Scientific Method to work • Selection of the most capable workers • Provide resources to workers

  19. Scientific Management • Train the workers • Provide fair pay incentives to workers (share productivity gains)

  20. Scientific Management: Bastardized Version • Application of the Scientific Method to work • Selection of the most capable workers • Provide resources to workers • Train the workers

  21. Behavioral School • aka Human Relations School • Genesis was in an experiment in Scientific Management

  22. Behavioral School • Western Electric Hawthorne plant in Cicero, Illinois • Hawthorne Studies

  23. Hawthorne Studies • Experiment in lighting conditions • Experimental group • Control group

  24. Hawthorne Studies(storybook version) • Increased lighting associated with increased productivity!! • Decreased lighting associated with _________ productivity?? • Who ya’ gonna call?

  25. Hawthorne Studies • Elton Mayo • Researcher from Harvard • Workers were not reacting to the changes in lighting

  26. Hawthorne Studies • Workers were not reacting to the conditions of the experiment • Workers were reacting to being in an experiment • “Hawthorne Effect”

  27. Classical vs. Behavioral • Two diametrically opposed views • Which view do you hold?

  28. Management Science School • Management Science is NOT the same as Scientific Management • Originated in the Polaris missile project

  29. Management Science • A problem is defined, and a model of the situation is developed • The model simplifies reality or represents reality in an abstract manner

  30. Management Science • Step One: Develop a model of the problem or situation • Step Two: Quantify the variables

  31. Management Science • A politically incorrect example

  32. Management Science • No underage! • No drink and drive!

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