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The Coming of the War 1931-1942. World War II. USA AMBUSHED 12/7/1941.
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The Coming of the War 1931-1942 World War II
USA AMBUSHED 12/7/1941 • Pearl Harbor/”a date which will live in infamy”- US naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japan on Dec. 7, 1941; it brought the US into war and ended the Great Depression at home; FDR stated that Dec. 7th would always be remembered • WACS Women’s Army Corps were created to provide defense workers, instructors, lab techs. More than 150,000 women volunteered, 600 received medals and 57,000 nurses served during WWII.
Pearl Harbor Memorial 2,887 Americans Dead!
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!
Bataan Death March and Douglas MacArthur Bataan Death March DooLittle Raids DooLittle Raids James DooLittle led a raid of 16 B-25s bombers to attack Tokoyo. They killed 50 Japanese and damaged over 100 buildings. • Bataan Death March and General MacArthur- 78,000 US and Filipino forces in the Philippines led • by MacArthur surrendered to the Japanese; the prisoners were forced on a 60 mile death march • with no food or water; 10,000 soldiers died on the march; MacArthur was rescued from the island and promised “I shall return”
CONGRESS AND ISOLATIONISM • To maintain the United States as an “arsenal for democracy” in World War II, • Congress passed the — • A Dawes Act. • B Lend-Lease Act. • C Open Door Policy. • D Good Neighbor Policy.
USA ENTERS WWII • Which of the following events had the GREATEST influence on the United States’ • entry into World War II? • A Adolf Hitler invaded Poland. • B Germany sank the Lusitania. • C Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. • D General MacArthur was captured in the Philippine Islands.
MILITARY NEEDS MEN • Which of the following is true of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, • commonly referred to as the military draft? • A It required both men and women to register for military service. • B It required able-bodied men between the ages of 15 and 65 to register. • C It mandated military service for all high-school dropouts. • D It was enacted during a period when the United States was at peace.
WORLD WAR II 1939-1945 • Battle of Midway- important naval battle b/t the US and Japan; the US won and it is considered the “turning point” in the war in the Pacific • Battle of the Coral Sea-the USA sent USS Lexington and USS Yorktown to stop Japan from taking over Australia. It was a pacific theatre, island hopping halt. Many call it a strategic draw but it forced Japan to call off their attack.
Bombers batter Germany Saturation Bombing Strategic bombing American military and bombing missions focused heavily on Japanese industrial and political areas. Tuskegee Airmen were a squadron of African-American fighter pilots. They led 1500 missions and did not loose a bomber. Major effort for civil rights. • When British planes dropped massive amounts of bombs on Germany during World War II. • The goal of saturation bombing was to inflict major damage.
THE HOMEFRONT • During World War II, industrialists in the United States contributed to the war effort • by — • A increasing the salaries of child laborers. • B converting factories into military hospitals. • C building houses for the families of soldiers. • D making weapons instead of consumer goods.
The Home front Responds Women & Labor African-Americans and Labor Out of 100,00o labor workers, only 240 wee African-Americans. A. Philip Randolph asserted African Americans did not want 2nd class citizenship. He started the Double V Campaign. Executive Order 8802 created the Fair Employment Practices Commission to address hiring. • Many women went to work. • Rosie the Riveter- symbol of the working woman in WWII; encouraged women to get a job to support the war effort; said “We Can Do It”
USA and Japanese Internment Japanese Internment camps Internment Temporary imprisonment Niesi—slang for Japanese Americans 442nd combat team- an all volunteer regiment made up of Jap-Am soldiers; won more Congressional Medals and other medals than any other regiment; trained at Camp Shelby, MS • Internment of Japanese-Americans- FDR signed an act to “intern” or round-up thousands of Japanese-Americans • that lived on the west coast and send them to “relocation centers” in the interior of the US; we worried that they might be spies for the Japanese
The Government Responds… • $42 billion to $289 in 6 years • Sold war bonds • Production increased • Income taxes raised
HOW DID THE USA PAY FOR WAR? • war bonds- Americans would loan the govt money for the war effort with the promise to be repaid plus • interest; made Americans feel like they were contributing in the war effort • rationing- when the govt. rationed goods to ensure that essential items were available for the soldiers; also • began to prevent inflation (ex. Tires for the rubber; nylon pantyhose for parachutes, etc.)
Technology in WWII • Technology in WWII- radar detected airplanes, sonar detected ships and submarines, atomic bomb was used to end the war
Victory in Pacific • Island Hopping Campaigns • D-Day liberation of France from German control
Normandy Landing (June 6, 1944) German Prisoners Higgins Landing Crafts
MAKING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB • Albert Einstein advised FDR to make the development of bomb “secret”. He was a major scientist in the development. • Manhatten Project was the code name given to the development of the bomb. • Robert Oppenheimer developed the construction of the bomb.
Dropping of the bomb • August 6, 1945 • American troops drop bombs on Hiroshima • August 9, 1945 the USSR invaded Japan and USA bombed Nagasaki. • Japan surrendered. • Holocaust • 12m Jews and others killed • Anti-semitism • Nuremberg Laws • Genocide • Concentration Camps • War Refugee Board
The plane that drops the bombs. Japan surrenders!
Bombing Japan • Reasons Truman used the a-bomb- 1) to end the war, 2) to save American (and Japanese) lives, 3) to avoid an • invasion of mainland Japan, 4) to intimidate the Soviet Union, 5) for revenge at Pearl Harbor, 6) the • Japanese would not surrender and it was the only alternative left • VJ Day- “Victory in Japan”; Japan surrenders on Sept. 2, 45
Mussolini & His Mistress,Claretta Petacci Are Hung in Milan, 1945
Mussolini • Italian • leader
Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945 Cyanide & Pistols The Führer’s Bunker Mr. & Mrs. Hitler
Truman • New • Federal • politician
THE WAR AGAINST JAPAN 82 • The campaigns at Iwo Jima and Okinawa wiped out any lingering doubts that the Japanese would resist invaders to the last breath. • On July 26, 1945, three weeks after the re-conquest of the Philippines, Allied leaders assembled at Potsdam sent an ultimatum to the enemy: “The alternative to surrender is prompt and utter destruction.” • On August 6 the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare was dropped on Hiroshima. • Russia declared war on August 8 and overran the Japanese forces in Manchuria. On August 9, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.
