Understanding Virtualisation: Components, Cloud Service Levels, and Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

1. Cloud Computing Virtualisation Network Engineer

2. 10 Components and functions of virtualised systems (7.5%) 10.1 Describe the functions of basic components of virtualised systems. • host (type 1 and type 2); • guest; • hardware acceleration extensions (VT-x/AMD-V); • sharing of physical resources; • memory; • storage; • compute (CPU). 10.2 Explain the key differences offered by levels of cloud service. • Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS); • Platform as a Service (PAAS); • Software as a Service (SAAS). 10.3 Describe the function of virtual desktop infrastructure.

3. Virtual machines • A virtual machine is a computer file • typically called an image • behaves like an actual computer • It runs as a guest on a host operating system • The VM is sandboxed from the rest of the system • the VM software inside a virtual machine cannot • escape outside of its allocated memory • interfere with the host OS or physical hardware

4. Virtual machine hardware • Multitasking • A single operating system and several programs running at the same time

5. Virtual machine hardware • Multi-core or hyper-threading • Multi-core technology • a single processor • symmetrical multiprocessing (SMP) • The OS is run by the first CPU core, additional cores are used by the same operating system • Hyper-threading • simulates an additional processor per CPU core. • Eg a dual-core CPU with Hyper-Threading technology is seen by the OS as if it were a quad-core CPU. • Hyper-Threading technology has the same effect as the multi-core technology.

6. Virtual machine hardware • Virtualisation • Intel VT (Virtualization Technology) • Creates several virtual machines to run operating systems at the same time • each OS behaves as if is running in a completely independent computer. • With VT you can create several “complete” virtual machines to run full operating systems simultaneously • AMD-V is the equivalent to Intel VT • Both have to be enabled in BIOS

7. Multiple Virtual machines • Multiple virtual machines can run simultaneously on the same physical computer • For servers, the multiple operating systems run on a hypervisor • Desktop computers run one host operating system to run the guests within the host’s program windows • Each virtual machine provides its own virtual hardware: • CPUs • Memory • Hard drives • Network interfaces • other devices • The host maps the virtual hardware to the real physical hardware

8. Multiple Virtual machines • Virtual hardware • Real hardware

9. Hypervisor hardware support • ESXi (as an example) • RAM 1TB • Logical processors or cores per motherboard socket 64 • Network cards 10 • Displays 10 • Guest OS 91

10. Hypervisors • Type 1, native, bare-metal hypervisors • Run directly on the physical hardware • Guests run on top of the hypervisor • Examples are VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V • Type 2 hosted hypervisors • Run on top of a conventional OS • Examples are VMware workstation, Parallels Desktop for Mac

11. Hypervisors

12. Hyper-V is Type 1 • It looks like a type 2! • When you install Hyper-V, Windows appears like a host OS • Hyper-V setup converts the original Windows OS into a root partition puts the hypervisor below • Guests are in child partitions

13. Prepare for Hyper-V • Open Disk Management • If there are only 2 volumes (C: and G:) then: • Shrink G to ~500GB • In the unallocated space make a new simple volume • 200,000 MB drive letter V, NTFS, Volume label: Hyper-V • If Hyper-V is not in the list of available programs then: • Run Turn Windows Feature on or off • Tick the check box for Hyper-V, click OK, click Restart Now

14. Start Hyper-V and create a VM • As administrator • Click New > Virtual Machine • Click Next for custom • Name the VM after the OS,either WinServer or W10Client • Store in V:\VirtualMachines • Click Next • Select Generation 2 • Click Next

15. VM creation • Use 2048 MB of memory for a WinServer • Use 1024 MB of memory for a W10Client • Click Next • Connect to to the default switch • Click Next • Create a VHDX of 100GB for WinServer, 50GB for W10Client • Use the default location (on the V: drive) • Click Next • Install the OS later and click Next • Click Finish

16. Install an OS on Hyper-V • Click Settings for the VM (eg Win10Client) • Click on SCSI Controller • Add a DVD drive: Click on Image file and browse to location of Windows.iso (ISO (Z;) • Click Open, then Apply and OK • Start the VM • Windows Setup will boot

17. W10Client Settings • UK • Customise and turn off all options • Create a user account Apprentice • Password Apprentice01 • Password hint ApprenticeXX • Not now Cortana • Not now Updates • No to network discovery

18. Export a VM • Using Hyper-V Manager • In Hyper-V Manager, right-click the virtual machine and select Export. • Choose where to store the exported files, and click Export. • When the export is done, you can see all exported files under the export location. • Using PowerShell • Open a session as Administrator and run a command like the following, after replacing <vm name> and <path>: • Export-VM -Name \<vm name\> -Path \<path\>

19. Import a VM • Importing depends on where you saved the export files • See :https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/deploy/export-and-import-virtual-machinesfor details

20. Usage • Use the VM Windows Client for all the practicals • If you need to revert to an original state you can delete the VM and import the original exported version

21. Server 2012 • Repeat the installation for Server2012 • You will now have 2 Virtual Machines which can communicate via the virtual switch • Configure networking • Properties of local area connection • Properties of IPV4 • Set static address and subnet mask (eg 192.168.1.100)

22. Configure Server 2012 • Add roles • Select Active Directory Domain roles • Install it • Run dcpromo.exe • Create a new domain • You may need to set a stronger password eg Passw0rd123456 • Use local users in control panel • Use your name eg me.co.uk

23. Configure Server 2012 • Set the functional level to Windows Server 2012 • Select DNS server • Click yes to continue • Accept default file settings • Use the same strong password • Click next to install • Restart

24. Configure Server 2012 • Add roles • DHCP • File services • Print services • Research and apply these yourselves

25. Configure Server 2012 • Add a user – John Doe etc • Assign permissions • Allocate file space to the users (folder structure) • Login to the domain (from your Client VM) and map the allocated network drive • Congratulations, you have created a virtual data centre

26. Configure Server 2012 • Add a user – John Doe etc • Assign permissions • Allocate file space to the users (folder structure) • Login to the domain (from your Client VM) and map the allocated network drive • Congratulations, you have created a virtual data centre

27. Characteristics of cloud computing • On-demand self-service • provisioning or de-provisioning of computing resources as needed in an automated fashion without human intervention • Ubiquitous network access • computing facilities can be accessed from anywhere over the network using any sort of thin or thick client • Resource pooling • resources (physical or virtual) can be dynamically assigned, reassigned or de-allocated  • Rapid elasticity • resources can be elastically provisioned or released according to demand • Measured service • pay only for what is used

28. Amazon AWS • 10 minute tutorial • Launch a Windows Virtual Machine • https://aws.amazon.com/getting-started/tutorials/launch-windows-vm/ • (don’t create an account, just read the tutorial)

29. Benefits of cloud computing • Increased operational efficiency through cost-effective use of expensive infrastructure • Drives up economies of scale through shared resourcing • Rapid and agile deployment of customer environments or applications • Improved service quality and accelerated delivery through standardisation • Promotes green computing by maximizing efficient use of shared resources, lowering energy consumption

30. Private Cloud • The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise • Computing resources are behind the company firewall

31. Public Cloud • The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services

32. Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) • Provides processing, storage and networks • The consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications • The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, but has control over • operating systems • storage • deployed applications • selected networking components (e.g., host firewalls) • Examples are: • Microsoft Azure • Amazon Web Services • Google Cloud

33. Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

34. Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) • The consumer deploys onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider • The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over the deployed applications • Examples are: • server space for web pages such as Rackspace or GoDaddy • Google App engine

35. Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)

36. Cloud Software as a Service (Saas) • The ability to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure • The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface, such as a Web browser • The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities • Examples are: Google Docs, Office365, Gmail, Dropbox, Slack

37. Cloud Software as a Service (Saas)

38. Anything as a Service (Xaas) • Covers the delivery of anything as a service • Iaas (Infrastructure as a service) • Paas (Platform as a service) • SaaS (Software as a a service) • SaaS (Storage as a service – confusion!) • DBaaS – database as a service • MaaS – malware as a service • DRaaS – disaster recovery as a service • CaaS – communications as a service • NaaS – network as a service

39. Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) • Virtualization technology that hosts a desktop operating system on a centralized server in a data centre • There are two main approaches to VDI: • persistent VDI provides each user with his or her own desktop image, which can be customized and saved for future use • non-persistent VDI provides a pool of uniform desktops that users can access when needed • non-persistent desktops revert to their original state each time the user logs out • The desktop image is delivered over a network to an endpoint device, which allows the user to interact with the OS and its applications as if they were running locally • The endpoint may be a traditional PC, thin client, tablet or even a mobile device • Little actual computing takes place at the endpoint • IT departments may be able to extend the lifespan of otherwise obsolete PCs • organizations can buy cheaper, less powerful machines

40. Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) • Security • all data lives in the data centre, not on the endpoint • Malware protection applied at the data centre • Non-persistent VDI • IT has a minimal number of master images to maintain and secure simpler than managing desktop for each user • Ability to more easily support remote and mobile workers • A Windows desktop and applications can be hosted on other OS (OSX, Chrome, Linux, Android)

41. Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) • Drawbacks • Data centre storage requirements • Network connectivity • Requires high bandwidth for processor or graphics intensive software • Licensing complexity

42. Summary 10.1 Describe the functions of basic components of virtualised systems • host (type 1 and type 2); • guest; • hardware acceleration extensions (VT-x/AMD-V); • sharing of physical resources; • memory; • storage; • compute (CPU). 10.2 Explain the key differences offered by levels of cloud service. • Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS); • Platform as a Service (PAAS); • Software as a Service (SAAS). 10.3 Describe the function of virtual desktop infrastructure.