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Life Expectancy, Aging and Centenarian research

Life Expectancy, Aging and Centenarian research. Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D. Life Expectancy. The definition of Life span: the maximum # of years an individual can live. What is the maximum? Probably 120 years. Average Life Expectancy. Males 74 women 80 overall 77

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Life Expectancy, Aging and Centenarian research

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  1. Life Expectancy, Aging and Centenarian research Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

  2. Life Expectancy • The definition of Life span: the maximum # of years an individual can live. • What is the maximum? Probably 120 years.

  3. Average Life Expectancy • Males 74 • women 80 • overall 77 • social factors affect when we will die. • Sex differences & longevity.

  4. Predictors of Psychological longevity? • 1921 Louis Terman • “Termite” study • Reanalyzed by Friedman et al (1995)

  5. Centenarians • The number of centenarians has increased. • In 1980 there were only 15,000 centenarians. • 2000 there were 77,000 • Projected that by 2050, 834,000 • New England Centenarian study.

  6. Segerberg, 1982 • 1,200 centenarians interviewed • What makes a difference?

  7. Duke Longitudinal Study • Palmore (1982) • 25 year period • 270 volunteers • Ages 60-94

  8. The Nun Study • David Snowdon • 678 nuns in Minnesota • Issues: intellectual job & folic acid

  9. Theories of Aging • The first 3 theories that I’m going to talk about today explain aging at a cellular level.

  10. Theories of Aging • Cellular Clock Theory: Leonard Hayflick (1977) theory. • Cells can divide a maximum number of times, approximately 75-80 times. • As we age, our cells become less capable of dividing.

  11. Cellular Clock Theory • The tips of chromosomes are called telomeres and they are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes. • After about 70 or 80 replications, the telomeres are dramatically reduced and the cell can no longer reproduce.

  12. Free – Radical Theory • A second microbiological theory of aging is called the free-radical theory. • People age b/c their cells metabolize energy. • When they do this, they generate waste that includes unstable oxygen molecules known as free radicals. • These cells cause damage.

  13. Mitochonrial Theory • The role of mitochondria – tiny cellular bodies that supply energy for function, growth, and repair – might play in aging. • It seems that the decay of mitochondria is primarily due to oxidative damage and loss of critical micronutrients supplied by the cell.

  14. Hormonal Stress Theory • This theory explains aging not at a cellular level, but at a hormonal level. • The hormonal stress theory – argues that aging in the body’s hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease.

  15. Which one is correct? • This is anyone’s best guest. • Maybe all of them are involved.

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