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This pre-quiz introduces the endocrine system, glands, hormones, and their functions. It also covers the major glands and their locations in the body.
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Pre-Quiz 1. Glands are small organs located throughout your body that secrete (that means release) substances called: a) plasma b) hormones c) enzymes d) sweat
Pre-Quiz • Hormones help your body by: a) telling your cells what to do b) helping you breathe c) sending nerve messages d) oxidizing your blood
Pre-Quiz • Which of the following is not part of the endocrine system? a) thyroid b) adrenals • nerves • pituitary
Pre-Quiz 4. Where are the major glands located? a) in the head, shoulders, knees, & toes b) in the abdomen, joints, brain, & spine c) in the brain, neck, abdomen, & groin • in the gall bladder, appendix, tonsils, & spleen
Pre-Quiz • This gland is sometimes called the master gland, though it is only about the size of a pea. a) pituitary b) adrenals c) pineal gland d) hypothalamus
The Endocrine System Whatrole do hormones play in the body’s functions? Wheredo hormones travel? Whendo hormones become functional? Howare hormones controlled?
Processes in the body are are regulated by two systems The Endocrine System chemical messengers The Nervous System electrical messengers Portion of the brain that connects the Endocrine & Nervous Systems Blood & Extracellular fluid nerves
The Endocrine System • The endocrine system is made up of glands that control many of the body’s activities by producing hormones. • Endocrine glands release (secrete) hormones, chemical messengers, into the bloodstream to relay information and signal other parts of the body.
The Endocrine System • ALL cell types, organs, and processes are influenced by hormone signaling. • ALL major physiologic effects depend on multiple hormones acting together. • Mood • Reproductive processes • Growth • Development • Tissue Function • Metabolism
Releasing and inhibiting hormones Growth hormone and controls other glands Thyroxine-metabolism Parathyroid hormone- TCalcium & Phosphorous Insulin and glucagon Adrenaline & epinephrine Testosterone Endocrine Map HormonePart ofEndocrine System Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas Adrenal glands Testes Ovaries NOT PICTURED Estrogen & progesterone
Hormones • When released by glands, hormones travel in the bloodstream and extracellular fluid. They attach to binding sites found on the plasma membrane of a target cell. • The binding sites of a target cell are called receptors. of gland
Hormones • Hormones are specific. • Once the specific hormone is attached to the receptor, it brings about (elicits) a response. • The effect of hormones depends on concentration.
Concentration of Hormones The concentration of hormones is affected by three factors: • Rate of production • Synthesis (making) and secretion (releasing) • Negative feedback • Rate of delivery • Blood flow • Rate of degradation & elimination • Biological half life (breaking down) • Metabolism and excretion
Negative Feedback • Negative feedback is involved in the body’s control of homeostasis. • Movement away from an ideal state causes a return back to the ideal state. • Negative feedback operates through a combination of the Nervous and Endocrine Systems.
Negative Feedback of Glucose • Glucose levels that are too high or too low signals the pancreas • The Pancreas secretes a hormone • Glucose is released into blood or taken up by cells • Glucose levels return to normal
TRH – thyroid releasing hormone TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone T3 & T4 – thyroxine & triiodothyronine Negative Feedback Loop Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Thyroid Hormone Secretion Thyroid Gland blood stream (to all body parts)
Post-Quiz 1. Glands are small organs located throughout your body that secrete (that means release) substances called: a) plasma b) hormones c) enzymes d) sweat
Post-Quiz • Hormones help your body by: a) telling your cells what to do b) helping you breathe c) sending nerve messages d) oxidizing your blood
Post-Quiz • Which of the following is not part of the endocrine system? a) thyroid b) adrenals • nerves • pituitary
Post-Quiz 4. Where are the major glands located? a) in the head, shoulders, knees, & toes b) in the abdomen, joints, brain, & spine c) in the brain, neck, abdomen, & groin d) in the gall bladder, appendix, tonsils, & spleen
Post-Quiz • This gland is sometimes called the master gland, though it is only about the size of a pea. a) pituitary b) adrenals c) pineal gland d) hypothalamus
Check your answers: 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. c • a
The Evidence of Things Not Seen How ‘America’s Fastest Woman’ Found Inspiration the Across the Lines of Time By Mitch Horowitz Science of Mind August 2004 issue A young black woman suffered from a crippling bout with Graves Disease, so severe at one point that medical authorities believed her legs would require amputation. She recovered to become what The New York Times this year called “the greatest combination sprinter/hurdler to put on track shoes.”
Today, Gail Devers, 37, has won three Olympic gold medals and a variety of world championships. Yet, to all appearances her career as a runner and hurdler was over when she was forced out of the 1988 Olympic Games by an undiagnosed case of Graves Disease. The thyroid disorder had sapped her energy, and almost led to the amputation of her legs after catastrophic side effects caused by radiation treatments. But in one of the most miraculous recoveries in sports history, Devers re-emerged from the ordeal to capture the gold at the 1992 games. A rising track star, Devers bottomed out in the 1988 games. Soon after, she would begin an athlete’s nightmare: She experienced severe fatigue, dizziness, migraines, and fainting spells – and yet physicians again and again dismissed her problems as being “all in her head.” Devers was relieved to finally receive a firm diagnoses: she was suffering from Graves Disease, a disorder that inflames the thyroid gland and disrupts the body’s metabolism. Yet things were fated to get worse before they got better. 1988
Fearing ejection from competition for using banned substances, Devers refused the drugs that were intended to mitigate side effects from the radiation therapy required to treat her enlarged thyroid. The results were as unexpected as they were calamitous: Devers developed excruciatingly painful lesions on her feet, and sores and scales all over her body and face. Her weight plummeted. She grew weaker. Devers was so distraught over her appearance – “alligator woman,” she called herself – that she covered all the mirrors in her Los Angeles home. “I look at myself in mirror and I remember what I looked like during those times, and I see myself now, and if I didn’t know me back then it would be hard to remember what I used to look like and what I went through.”
Devers’ condition would deteriorate even further. Her feet swelled so severely that the 5-foot, 3-inch runner could squeeze only into a size-12 men’s sneaker – and eventually she couldn’t walk at all. Family members had to carry her to the bathroom. Her feet grew so swollen and infected that medical authorities actually believed they might require amputation – a diagnosis Devers fought with all her might. Eventually, recovery came and Devers began a lifelong program taking a synthetic thyroid pill. Most remarkably, Devers – with the help of legendary track and field coach Bobby Kersee – began to run again. At first, she rode a stationary bike at trackside; then she walked; then jogged; and eventually began to sprint and jump – amazingly, in time to become a gold medalist at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona.
