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Intermediate 1 Unit 1 d Revision Acids And Alkalis

Intermediate 1 Unit 1 d Revision Acids And Alkalis. Universal Indicator. Universal indicator is a liquid that changes colour when put into different solutions. Common Acids And Alkalis. We use acids and alkalis at home, some of these are listed below. Common Lab Acids/Alkalis.

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Intermediate 1 Unit 1 d Revision Acids And Alkalis

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  1. Intermediate 1 Unit 1 d Revision Acids And Alkalis

  2. Universal Indicator Universal indicator is a liquid that changes colour when put into different solutions.

  3. Common Acids And Alkalis We use acids and alkalis at home, some of these are listed below.

  4. Common Lab Acids/Alkalis The names of some of the acids and alkalis used in the laboratory are shown below.

  5. pH Scale The pH scale tells us how acidic or alkaline a substance is. very acidic neutral very alkaline

  6. pH Scale The pH scale tells us how acidic or alkaline a substance is. increasing acidity increasing alkalinity A solution of pH 3 is more acidic than a solution of pH 12. A solution with pH 4 is less alkaline than a solution with pH 11.

  7. Diluting An Acid As the acid is diluted the pH rises. This means that the solution is becoming less acidic.

  8. Diluting An Alkali As the alkali is diluted the pH falls. This means that the solution is becoming less alkaline.

  9. Neutralisation 3 cm3 of acid

  10. Neutralisation 5 drops of indicator

  11. Neutralisation alkali is added one drop at a time until the solution is neutral

  12. Neutralisation The solution is now neutral - it is neither acid nor alkali. The alkali has neutralised the acid and the acid has neutralised the alkali.

  13. Neutralisation When an acid and an alkali react together the final solution has a pH of 7 and is neutral. Chemists call the reaction between an acid and an alkali a neutralisation reaction. In an acid/alkali neutralisation reaction water is formed and the other product is a salt.

  14. Naming Salts The name of the salt formed when an acid and an alkali react together depends on the reactants. The alkali gives the first part of the salt name, the acid gives the second part of the salt name. Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid react to form sodium chloride.

  15. Naming Salts

  16. Naming Salts The table shows the names of the salts formed when different acids and alkalis neutralise each other.

  17. Metal Carbonates And Acid A metal carbonate reacts with acid as in the following diagram. side arm test tube sulphuric acid lime water (goes cloudy) calcium carbonate

  18. Metal Carbonates And Acid Since the lime water goes cloudy, carbon dioxide gas must be given off in this reaction. As this is a neutralisation reaction, a salt is formed. The salt is calcium sulphate. Water is also produced. calcium + sulphuric _____> calcium + water + carbon carbonate acid sulphate dioxide

  19. Metal Carbonates And Acid Try to work out the word equations for the following reactions before you reveal them. hydrochloric acid and lithium carbonate lithium + hydrochloric _____>lithium + water +carbon carbonate acid chloride dioxide sulphuric acid and lead carbonate lead + sulphuric _____> lead + water + carbon carbonate acid sulphate dioxide

  20. Metal Carbonates And Acid Try to work out the word equations for the following reactions before you reveal them. nitric acid and sodium carbonate sodium + nitric _____> sodium + water + carbon carbonate acid nitrate dioxide hydrochloric acid and copper carbonate copper + hydrochloric _____>copper + water + carbon carbonate acid chloride dioxide

  21. Treating Indigestion Indigestion is caused by there being too much acid in the stomach. Indigestion remedies, like remegel contain chemicals that neutralise this acid.

  22. Growing Corn Corn grows best in a soil that is not too acidic. Farmers spread lime on their fields to neutralise the acid in the soil.

  23. Acid Rain

  24. Acid Rain When we burn fuels we release sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. These gases dissolve in rain water forming dilute acids. These acid fall as acid rain. The acid rain does not harm large living things but does kill small plants and tiny wildlife. This affect the food chain and environments can be severely damaged. Acid rain also damages buildings and this costs millions to put right.

  25. Acid Rain To prevent acid rain we need to cut down on the amount of fuels that we burn. If we still want to burn fuels we need to look at ways of removing the polluting gases. Where lakes have been turned acidic we can add lime to neutralise the acid, using helicopters.

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