Health and Safety for Engineering Students

1. Health and Safety for Engineering StudentsNovember 15, 2006 Presented by: Patricia Yu, Director, Occupational Health and Safety Tomorr Cerriku, Occupational Hygienist – Chemical Control Officer

2. Course Outline • Day 1 – Legislation and Types of Occupational Hazards • Young Worker- Safety Awareness and Injury Statistics • Legislation • Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations • Workplace Safety and Insurance Act • Other legislation • Types of Occupational Hazards • Physical • Chemical • Biological • Safety (machine, trip and falls, ladder etc.) • Confined Space • Ergonomics

3. Course Outline (cont’d) • Day 2 – Hazard Control and Prevention • Engineering controls – scenarios and discussions • Pre-start health and safety review • Personal Protective Equipment • WHMIS overview

4. Young Workers • There are hazards in every workplace and young and inexperienced workers are especially at risk • 73,598 lost time cases in 2000-2004

5. Young Workers – Injury Statistics 2000-2004 • Two industry sectors with highest lost time claims: • Services and Manufacturing • Most common injuries: • Sprains and Strains, Cuts/Punctures, Bruises • Body parts most frequently affected: • Fingers and Lower Back • Majority of Injuries caused by: • Struck by Objects and Equipment or due to Overexertion

6. Identify Hazards • You need to be able to identify the hazards in your workplace • Do you know the cleaning product your boss gave you is safe? • How do you know the machine won’t start while you’re working on it? • Most workplaces have hazards you’ve never encountered

7. Health and Safety Legislation • Occupational Health and Safety Act • Enforced by: Ontario Ministry of Labour (MOL) • Workplace Safety and Insurance Act • Enforced by: Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) • Others: Environmental Protection Act, Transportation of Dangerous Goods, Canadian Nuclear Safety and Control Act…

8. MOL: My Health and Safety at Work

9. Occupational Health and Safety Act • To protect workers against health and safety • hazards on the job • A list of regulations has been developed under the Act, • e.g., Construction projects, WHMIS, designated (hazardous) substances etc. • Workers, supervisors and employers have shared health and safety responsibilities under the Act • Requirements to establish a joint health and safety committee for workplace with more than 20 workers

10. Rights of Workers under the OHS Act • As an employee, you have rights that protect you against health and safety hazards on the job: • Right to know (about hazards on the job) • Right to participate (in workplace health and safety issues) • Right to refuse (work that you believe is dangerous)

11. Responsibilities of Workers(OHS Act Sec.28) • Use or wear protective equipment that the employer requires to be worn • Do not remove or make ineffective any protection device • Do not to use or operate any equipment, machine or work in a manner that may endanger yourself or another worker • Report to your supervisor the absence of or defect in any equipment of protective device which may endanger yourself or another worker • Report to your supervisor any hazard of which you are aware • Comply with the OHS Act and regulations

12. Responsibilities for Other Workplace Parties • The OHS Act also includes: • Responsibilities for employers • Responsibilities for supervisors • Be familiar with the OHS Act and regulations • Be knowledgeable about potential or actual danger in the workplace and advise workers about these hazards • Ensure that a worker follows safe workplace procedures, uses and wears protective devices or clothing • Provide a worker with safety instruction (including written) and training • Take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of a worker

13. Other Legislation:Workplace Safety and Insurance Act • Purpose of the Act: • To promote health and safety in the workplace and to prevent and reduce workplace injuries and occupational diseases • To facilitate the return to work of injured worker • To facilitate the re-entry into the labour market of workers and spouses of deceased workers • To provide compensation and other benefits to workers and to the survivors of deceased workers

14. Remember – You have to protect yourself • Don’t be shy to ask for information from your supervisor. • Always ask for training and assistance before operating a machine. • Don’t operate any machine without a safe guard in place. • If you clean a machine, be sure there is no way it can move or be turned on. • Ask if there are company health and safety rules. • Ask what to do if there is an emergency or fire. • Ask about hazardous chemicals in the workplace. • Always report to your supervisor if you are injured or become sick at the workplace Work Smart! Work Safe!

15. THEOCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS

16. SAFETY HAZARDS • Inadequate machine guarding • Defective equipment/machinery • Unsafe workplace conditions (e.g., overloading, etc.) • Trips and falls • Unsafe work practices (e.g., operating equipment without training/orientation, • Not wearing PPE, etc.) • Poor housekeeping • Electrical • Pressure

20. LADDER & CRANE SAFETY

21. CONFINED SPACE confined space" means a fully or partially enclosed space, • that is not both designed and constructed for continuous human occupancy, and • in which atmospheric hazards may occur because of its construction, location or contents or because of work that is done in it; atmospheric hazards: • accumulation of flammable, combustible or explosive agents • an oxygen content <19.5% and >23% • atmospheric contaminants including gases, vapours, dust/fume,

22. Examples of confined spaces • Tanks, vessels, vats, boilers • Ducts, storage bins, • Hoppers, clarifiers, • Trenches, tunnels, • Wells, containers, pipes, • Mills, crushers, boilers, • Chutes, sewers, columns • Chimneys, ovens, furnaces

23. CHEMICAL HAZARDS • Caused by solid, liquid, vapour, gas, dust, fume, mist (e.g., welding in an open area) • No proper ventilation • Improper work conduct e.g.not working in the fumehood, etc. • Lack of training • Not wearing PPE.

24. Free-standing cylinders

25. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS • Substances that can cause infection and diseases • Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites • Mould (e.g., water damage on carpet, ceiling tile, dry wall, etc.) • Contact with human or animal tissues or fluids.

26. PHYSICAL HAZARDS • noise • vibration • heat • cold • radiation, • lighting, etc.

28. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS • Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (MSDs) • Common name: Muscular Strain Injuries (MSI) • Types: • tension neck syndrome, • shoulder tendonitis, • Epicondylitis (synonym: tennis elbow) • carpal tunnel syndrome, • and hand-arm vibration syndrome • Causes: • Repetitive and forceful movements • Vibration • Awkward postures arising from: • - improper work methods or improperly designed workstations, • - tools or • - equipment.

30. HAZARD CONTROL AND PREVENTION

31. RECOGNITION ‑ Identifying the Hazard ASSESSMENT ‑ Measuring against standards CONTROL ‑ Eliminating or reducing the hazard Three Steps to Controlling Hazards

32. Controlling Hazards The preferred method of control is: • At the source • Elimination e.g. a toxic substance/material, a noisy machinery or process. • Substitution e.g. substituting mercury thermometers with alcohol based thermometers.

33. Controlling Hazards • Engineering controls • at the source • Isolation • Design modifications • Ventilation: General & Local exhaust Along the path • Barriers

34. Machine Guarding

35. Lock out-Tag out

36. NOISE CONTROL • At the source: • Damping • insulation • Equipment maintenance • Along the path: • Enclosure of machines • Barriers • At the receiver (worker) level: • PPE (ear protection)

37. HEAT AND COLD TEMPERATURES • Heat stress: • e.g. Heat exhaustion, heat stroke (can be fatal) • Symptoms: fatigue, dizziness, stop sweating, flu-like symptoms • Occupations at risk: outdoor workers, bakers, kitchen workers, foundry workers etc. • Cold stress: • Frostbite or freezing of exposed extremities • hypothermia or overcooling of the body (it could be fatal in absence of immediate medical attention • Occupations at risk: outdoor workers, divers, meat packers etc.

38. CONTROLS • Heat stress: • Insulation • Shielding (work area or body) • Increase ventilation and air conditioning • Reduce humidity rest and work regimen • Encourage drinking water • Cold stress: • Shielding • Heater • Work-warming regimen • PPE (gloves, clothing)

39. VIBRATION • Example:contact with vibrating machinery or equipment. • hand-arm vibration exposure (eg. holding power pneumatic tools) • whole-body vibration exposure (e.g. truck drivers) • Controls: • appropriate tool design and selection • loosen grip • use of appropriate vibration-absorbing materials • (gloves, for example).

40. WELDING-Engineering Controls • Fume Extraction Welding Guns • Moveable Hood

41. Controlling Hazards The least desired method of control is: • At the worker • Personal Protective Equipment • Work Practices • Training • Housekeeping

42. PPE-Personal Protective Equipment Safety Glasses or Face Shields?

43. Safety Glasses and Face Shields • Consult MSDS for recommended type of eye/face protection, especially when using highly toxic or corrosive materials • Evaluate pros and cons of each, depending on your needs

44. Gloves • Consult MSDS for recommended type of glove, especially when using highly toxic or corrosive materials • No single glove will protect you from all chemicals • Always inspect gloves for tears or punctures before use

45. Respirators • Type depends on the nature of the hazard • Always use the fumehood/local exhaust • Refer to the MSDS for recommended type, especially when using highly toxic substances

46. Other PPE • Depending on nature of work, you may require: • Protective clothing • Hard hat • Steel-toed shoes • Portable shield • Hearing protection • Consult MSDS and/or your supervisor if unsure

47. PRE-START HEALTH & SAFETY REVIEW • An assessment is required: • When new apparatus, structure or protective element is to be constructed, added or installed or a new process is to be used, and • When modifications on the machineries and processes are made • Conducted by a specialist or professional engineer

48. WHMIS… Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System “An InformationSystem designed to advise you on the HazardousMaterials you may encounter in your Workplace”

49. WHMIS Application • Controlled products: • Chemical agents • Biological agents

50. Importer Producer Supplier MSDS Labels Employer Key Outcome Education Informed Worker Information Flow