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Electrostatic Forces

Electrostatic Forces. Homework: Complete handout. Magnitude of Force. According to Coulomb’s Law The magnitude of force exerted on a charge by another is directly proportional to the product of the two charges inversely proportional to the distance between the charges.

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Electrostatic Forces

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  1. Electrostatic Forces Homework: Complete handout

  2. Magnitude of Force According to Coulomb’s Law • The magnitude of force exerted on a charge by another is • directly proportional to the product of the two charges • inversely proportional to the distance between the charges

  3. Equation for calculating the magnitude of an electrostatic force F = k q1 q2 r2 Where, q = the charge r = distance between 2 charged objects k=8.99 x 10 9 Nm2/C2 force between 2 objects may either attract or repel depending on sign of charges

  4. Calculate the Force exerted between a proton and an electron at a distance of 50 cm.

  5. Electric Fields • Definition: the area around a charged particle that it can exert a force on another charge • Fields can be represented showing field lines (imaginary lines showing direction that a positive test charge would move)

  6. Electric Field for Positive and negative charges • Field lines always start at the positive charge and move toward negative charges

  7. Electric Fields between 2 particles

  8. Electric Field Strength • The ratio of the force exerted on a test charge to the charge of the test charge E = Fe / q Units: Newtons per coulomb

  9. Electric Potential (V) • the work done or energy acquired moving a positive test charge between two points in an electric field

  10. Potential Difference (Voltage) • potential energy difference between 2 points in an electric field per unit of charge • as charges move through an electric field, they will either gain KE or PE • Consider: • If opposite charges move closer to one another • Gain KE

  11. Potential Difference (Voltage) If opposite charges move farther apart Gain PE If like charges move closer to one another Gain PE If like charges move away from one another Gain KE

  12. Calculating the Potential Difference DV = W / q Where, W = work done against the field, or the energy acquired working in the field q = amount of charge moving through the field V = potential difference Units: Volts (V) = Joule / Coulomb

  13. It takes 6 J of work to move 2 C of charge between 2 points in an electric field. What is the potential energy difference (V) between these points? DV = W / q V = 6 J/2 C V = 3 J/C or 3 V

  14. If 4.8 x 10-17 joules of work is required to move an electron between 2 points in an electric field, what is the electric potential difference between these points? V = W/q V= 4.8 x 10-17 J / 1.6 x 10-19 C V = 300 V

  15. Electric Fields between 2 parallel plates • the electric field that exists between two parallel charged plates is uniform

  16. Electric Potential Difference in a Uniform Field • Equal to the product of electric field intensity (E) and the distance moved by the charge DV = E d • Electric potential increases in the direction opposite the electric field direction. (it is higher near the + charged plate

  17. What work is done when 3.0 C of charge is moved through an electric potential difference of 1.5 V?

  18. A 12 V car battery can store 1.44 x 106 C of charge when it is fully charged. How much work can be done by this battery before it needs recharging?

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