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Introduction to the Muscular System

Introduction to the Muscular System. Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers. muscle fascicles fibers fibers of a single fascicle always parallel fascicles of a muscle can be arranged in various ways. Muscles are classified by how the fascicles are organized.

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Introduction to the Muscular System

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  1. Introduction to the Muscular System

  2. Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers • muscle • fascicles • fibers • fibers of a single fascicle always parallel • fascicles of a muscle can be arranged in various ways

  3. Muscles are classified by how the fascicles are organized • Parallel (e.g., biceps brachii muscle) • most common arrangement • Convergent (e.g.,pectoralis muscle) • fascicles fan or triangle shaped, converge to attach

  4. Muscles are classified by how the fascicles are organized • Pennate(unipennate, bipennate and multipennate) • fasicles form angle toward tendon • Circular (e.g.,orbicularis oris) • sphincter, contracts to reduce diameter of opening

  5. Classification of Muscle

  6. Origins and Insertions • The ends of skeletal muscles are always attached to other structures • fixed end is called ORIGIN • usually attached to bone or cartilage • movable end is called INSERTION • usually attached to the bone it moves

  7. How are muscles named? • location in the body • e.g., temporalis muscle • Origin and Insertion • first part = origin, 2nd part = insertion • Fascicle Organization • e.g., Rectus means “straight” • e.g., transverse means “across” • e.g., oblique means “oblique angle”

  8. How are muscles named? • Relative Position • e.g., superficialis, internus, lateralis, etc… • Structural Characteristics (shape and size) • e.g., deltoid, rhomboid, major, longus, etc… • Action • e.g., abductor, extensor, rotator, etc…

  9. Characteristics of Muscle • Skeletal and smooth muscle are elongated • Muscle cell = muscle fiber • Contraction of a muscle is due to movement of microfilaments (protein fibers) • All muscles share some terminology • Prefixes myo and mys refer to muscle • Prefix sarco refers to flesh

  10. Muscular Actions • Agonists (prime mover) • responsible for a particular movement • Antagonist • against movement of agonist • Synergists • aid agonists, stabilize an action • Fixators • specialized synergists • immobilize the origin of agonist so all tension is exerted at the insertion point

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