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The Civil War 1861 – 1865. The “Anaconda Plan”. The Union’s strategy: Naval blockade from Louisiana to Virginia Control of the Mississippi River Confederate strategy primarily defensive. Cartoon about the “Anaconda Plan”. Advantages & Disadvantages: The Union. Advantages:
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The “Anaconda Plan” The Union’s strategy: • Naval blockade from Louisiana to Virginia • Control of the Mississippi River Confederate strategy primarily defensive Cartoon about the “Anaconda Plan”
Advantages & Disadvantages: The Union Advantages: • Industry and railroads • Larger population • Legitimate government • Strong political leadership Disadvantages: • Funding difficulties • Offensive war • Lack of skilled military leaders A Massachusetts factory
Advantages & Disadvantages: The Confederacy Advantages: • Defensive war on home turf • Common cause • Strong military tradition and outstanding leaders Disadvantages: • Weak economy • Smaller population • Ineffective central government and leadership Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson
Restore the Union • “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.” - Abraham Lincoln before the war
Winfield Scott Anaconda Plan
Irvin McDowell First Bull Run
George B. McClellan “A Case of the Slows”
John Pope Second Bull Run
Little Mac again Lincoln McClellan Antietam
Ambrose Burnside Side burns Fredericksburg
Joseph Hooker Chancellorsville
George Meade Gettysburg
Ulysses S. Grant Vicksburg
Joseph Johnston Injured at Battle of Seven Pines
Robert E. Lee The Man
Notable Soldiers from the North William Tecumseh Sherman
Robert Anderson Fort Sumter
David Farragut New Orleans
Notable Soldiers of the Rebels Killed right before Gettysburg by own troops
JEB Stuart Calvary
George Pickett Pickett’s Charge
Armies • Main Army of Union – Army of the Potomac • 1st asked Lee to be general of the Union • Main Army of the Rebels – Army of Northern Virginia
Bull Run • First major battle of Civil War • About 25 miles from Washington, D.C. • “Stonewall” Jackson became famous • Confederate victory Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson
Shiloh • Union forces led by Ulysses S. Grant • Confederate attack nearly wiped out Union forces on first day • Grant counterattacked the next day • Union victory A view of Shiloh after the battle
Ironclads • Confederates built the Merrimack from a sunken Union ship • Union quickly built the Monitor • Monitor and Merrimack fought to a draw in first battle between ironclads A painting of the battle
New Technologies in Warfare • Minie ball • Submarine • Heavy artillery • Aerial reconnaissance • Gatling gun • Trench warfare A Gatling gun
A New Union Commander • McClellan selected as commander after Bull Run • McClellan popular with troops • A thorough administrator • Overly cautious Gen. George B. McClellan
Lee Takes Command • General Joseph E. Johnston wounded • Robert E. Lee takes command of Confederate army • Lee proves an able commander Gen. Robert E. Lee
Antietam • Attempt by Lee to invade the North • Near Sharpsburg, Maryland • McClellan tipped off to Lee’s plans when a soldier found secret orders wrapped around cigars • Single bloodiest day in American history Artillery Hell, a painting of early morning hostilities at Antietam
Antietam: Battle Scenes Dead soldiers await burial after the morning fighting in the Miller cornfield
Antietam: Battle Scenes A view of the Burnside Bridge from the “Confederate side”
Antietam: Battle Scenes An Army field hospital
Antietam: Battle Scenes Confederate dead along the Hagerstown turnpike
Antietam: Aftermath • Lincoln met with McClellan after the battle • Lincoln fired him, complaining that he “had the slows” • McClellan replaced by series of commanders Lincoln meets with McClellan at Antietam
Women’s Roles in the War Clara Barton Mary Bickerdyke Dorothea Dix Dr. Mary Edwards Walker
Women Warriors • Some women posed as men in order to fight • Frances Clayton (right) fought in artillery and cavalry units • Total number unknown
Civil War Medicine • 4 minute video
Civil War Medicine • Infection often deadlier than the wounds • Amputations more common • Anesthesia widely used A surgeon at the Camp Letterman field hospital at Gettysburg prepares for an amputation
The Sanitary Commission • Poor health conditions in army camps • U.S. Sanitary Commission created • Purposes included improving hygiene and recruiting nurses • Developed better methods of transporting wounded to hospitals A Civil War field hospital
Emancipation Proclamation • History Channel -2 minutes
African American Enlistment • Congress allowed black enlistment in 1862 • 54th Massachusetts commanded by Colonel Shaw • Half of 54th killed in assault on Ft. Wagner • Helped spur further enlistment Col. Robert Gould Shaw Memorial to the 54th Massachusetts
Andersonville • Confederate POW camp in Georgia • 32,000 prisoners jammed into 26 acres • One-third of all prisoners died • Superintendent was executed as a war criminal Severely emaciated POWs rescued from Andersonville